Term
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Definition
skin, teeth, bones
Found in: eggs, meat |
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Term
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Definition
digestion and metabolism
Found in: lean meats, eggs |
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Definition
immune support, healing
Found in: citrus, potatoes |
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Definition
helps absorb calcium
Found in: sunshine |
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Term
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Definition
forms red blood cells to carry oxygen, protects against damage
Found in: wheat germ |
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Term
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Definition
blood clotting
found in: cabbage |
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Term
| Name the 6 macro minerals and purposes |
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Definition
1) calcium: bones and teeth: dairy
2)Phosphorous: DNA/RNA: teeth
3)Sodium: blood pressure and volume
4)Chloride: blood pressure and volume
5)sulfur: important for proteins
6) Magnesium: biochemical reactions |
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Term
| Name 6 components to life |
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Definition
1) Carbohydrates
2)Lipids
3)Proteins
4)Vitamins
5)Minerals
6)Water |
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Term
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Definition
-Major classes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
-Used for fuel, molecular skeletons, and plant cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
-Fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids (testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, cholesterol)
-Used for cell/organelle membranes, vitamin storage, hormone synthesis, and fuel (has 2.5x more energy per gram than carbohydrates) |
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Term
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Definition
-Essential and non-essential
-Uses: structures (muscle), biochemical processes, and energy (less than carbs and fats) |
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Term
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Definition
-Fat soluble and water soluble
-Used for catalysts in biochemical reactions and many regulatory functions |
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Term
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Definition
-Macro and micro minerals
-Used for physical structures and catalysts in biochemical reactions
Water |
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Term
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Definition
-Transport medium, chemical reagent, temperature regulation
-Water intoxication
-Hyponatremia: insufficient salt in blood (headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination and brain swells) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Adaptations to feeding strategies |
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Definition
Herbivores have have crowed teeth to ground food
Carnivores have incisors and sharp teeth to kill and punture |
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Term
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Definition
Elephant, horse, zebra
New World monkeys
Pig, human |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rabbit, rat, mice, capybara |
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Term
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Definition
| Fiber digesters, produce cellulose enzymes to digest cellulose, |
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Term
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Definition
| Starch/sugar digesters, needs higher acidity |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus causes an opposite output in order to maintain an idea level of whatever is being regulated |
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Term
| 8 major endocrine glands and location |
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Definition
1. Pancreas (abdomen)
2. Hypothalamus (brain)
3. Pituitary (brain)
4. Adrenal
5. Testes
6. Ovaries
7. Thyroid (neck)
8. Pineal gland (brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| capillary blood contains low concentration of Ca 2+ which stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by parathyroid glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| preganglionic sympathetic fibers stimulated adrenal medulla cells to secrete catecholamines (epi and norepi) |
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Term
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Definition
| the hypothalamus secretes hormones that the anterior pituitary to secrete hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the pancreases, and secreted when the blood sugar is high to signal cells to insert glucose transporters into cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by the pancreas with the blood sugar is low, causes the liver to break down glycogen-releasing stored glucose into the blood, stimulates new glucose formation in liver. As blood glucose increases, glucoses by islet alpha-cells decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| signals pancreas to release bicarbonate secretion (hormones produced by cells lining duodenum in response to acid, lipids, proteins, and amino acid coming from stomach). Communicates with duct cells to neutralize food |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that signals pancreas to release enzumes (hormones produced by cells lining duodenum in response to acid, lipids, proteins, and amino acids coming from stomach). Talks to acinar cells in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenocorticotropic Releasing Hormone (ACTH):targets the adrenal cortex, and stimulates secretion of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| type of steroid hormone for metabolic functions, stimulates gluconeogenesis, stimulates lipolysis, protein catabolism, decreases insulin sensitivity, immune functions, arousal/cognition, body bluid homeostasis, inhibits other body function not necessary for immediate survival |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted from posterior pituitary gland, plays a role in intimacy, social bonding, released during parturition (birth) |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted from the anterior pituitary mainly in response to suckling (reflex), enables female mammals to produce milk, plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of immune system, and pancreatic development |
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Term
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Definition
| pancreas can’t make insulin, childhood onset, only 5% of diabetic population |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic disease in which people have problems regulating their blood sugar because they don’t produce enough insulin, aren’t responsive to insulin, or both. Most common form (29 million people—9% of population), many risk factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypothalamus --> Anterior pituitary (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone)--> Adrenal gland (Adrenalcorticotropic hormone)-->stimulates glucocorticoids (cortisol)-->target |
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Term
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Definition
1) Immune functions
2)Arousal & cognition
3)body fluid homeostasis
4) inhibits other body functions not needed for immediate survival |
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