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Asian Art History - Test 2
Early Hindu Art and in India (Before 11th Century) - Japanese Art of the Muromachi Period (1392-1673)
83
Art History
Undergraduate 2
04/05/2013

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Early Hindu Art and in India (before 11th century)
Definition
Term
[image]
Definition

Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)

Copper

India

Chola Period

 

Shiva is dancing the cosmic dance, light is manifested from his limbs.

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Descent of the Ganges

Granite

India

Pallava Period

 

  • Deities of the river, elephants, bears, lions, gods, angels, humans, all living beings of the world congregate
  • shrine, naga kings and Shiva
  • elephants and flying angels, or celestial beings
  • folktale of cat worshipped by rats, stood by Ganges River with raised paws gazing at the sun for hours
Term
[image]
Definition

Shiva and Pavarti Seated Above Ravana on Mt. Kailasa

Cave Rock

Ellora, India

Chalukyas Dynasty

 

  • Mt. Kailasa lengendary birthplace of Shiva
Term
[image]
Definition
Term
[image]
Definition

Kailasanatha Temple

Rock

Ellora, India

Early Medieval Period

 

  • overwhelming in carvings and sculpture
Term
[image]
Definition

Parashurameshvara Temple

Orissa, India

 

  • Northern style
Term
Hinduism
Definition
  • the indigeous religion from India
  • formed of diverse traditions and has no single founder
  • not a single belief, but beliefs with some similarities in India
  • spread in India, Cambodia, Nepal and Indonesia
  • a religion, a belief, an daily morality and societal norms such as Hindu marriage customs
  • Believe natural gods, spirit, in everywhere, soul of human being and reincarnation
  • belief in karma effect in next life, rebirth in upper or level ranks of people
Term
Brahma
Definition
the creator, who created the universe. He is the father of Manu, and from Manu all human beings descend.
Term
Vishnu
Definition
  • a supreme god, maintainer or preserver, who protects people
  • four-armed, holding a lotus (purity), mace (social status, power), counch and chakra (wheel)
Term
Shiva
Definition
  • the destroyer and transformer
  • dancing upon Apsmara Purusha, the demon of ignorance in his manifestation of Nataraja, the Lord of the Dance
Term
Ellora
Definition
  • 33 caves, 12 are Buddhist type and rest are Hindu type
  • located in India, one of the great two cities from Maharashtra
Term
Later Hindi Art in India (After 10th Century)
Definition
Later Hindi Art in India (After 10th Century)
Term
[image]
Definition

Allegorical Representation of the Emperor Jahangir Seated on a Hourglass Throne

color and gold on paper

India

 

  • sun and moon halo
  • a muslim devine
  • a European delegate
  • hourglass throne sits on a renaissance rug

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Madhu Madhavi Ragini

color on paper

India

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Torso of female deity

stone

Cambodia

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Angkor Vat

Cambodia

 

  • main approach to the central shrine
  • surrounded by moat
  • long gallery walls
  • center tower, and tower at the four corner
Term
[image]
Definition

Shiva Mahadeva

bronze inlaid with gold and silver

Java, indonesia

 

  • erect posture appropriate because Shiva is a supreme god
Term
The Medieval Art of China: Sculpture, Painting and Decorative Art (3rd-10th century)
Definition
The Medieval Art of China: Sculpture, Painting and Decorative Art (3rd -10th Century)
Term
[image]
Definition

Chimera

Tomb of Xiao Xiu

China

Six Dynasties Period

 

  • used as a protector of a shrine
  • lion or dog
Term
[image]
Definition

Instructress Writing Down Her Admonitions for the Benefit of the Two Young Ladies

Handscroll, ink and color on silk

China

Six Dynasties Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Court Ladies Wearing Flowers in Their Hair

Attributed to Zhou Fang

Handscroll, ink and color on silk

China

Tang Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Traveling in Spring

Handscroll, ink and color on silk

China

Style of Tang Dynasty

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Tomb Figurine: Camel Bearing Troupe of Central Asian Musicians

earthenware

China

Tang Dynasty

Term
Gu Kaizhi
Definition
  • ca. 345-406
  • earliest named artist associated with extant works
  • southern (Eastern Jin)
  • no extant works from his hand
  • later works attributed to him
  • archaelogically reliable works of his time
  • style: fine-line draw style, slender form of figures, thin face, ideal beauty
  • landscape: unrealistic scale, bigger figures, smaller mountains and trees, decorative form
Term
Zhou Fang
Definition
  • active: 730-800
  • Tang standard of plump beauties
  • empty ground, garden scene with pets (from Court Ladies Wearing Flowers in their Hair)
  • convincing space, more realistic than Kaizhi
Term
Shoso-in
Definition
storage place for ancient Asian Art
Term
Xieyi
abstract brush strokes
Definition
  • applied with differing pressure
  • line draw contour
  • cun: inflected dry brush strokes, to draw texture
  • dots, draw vegetation
  • wash, to draw moisture, water, cloud, shadow, etc.
  • calligraphy combines painting
  • same tools and materials
Term
Styles of Painting
Definition
  • objective likeness: realistic style, fine line draw, line and wash with details, long time to paint
  • subjective likeness: abstract style, xieyi (sketching the idea) spontaneous
  • painted quickly, can recreate
Term
Xie He (ca. 500 C.E.)
Definition
  • "The Founder father of Chinese Art Critism"
  • Six Laws (principles, elements, cannon):

-spirit or life and animation

-use of brush

-faithfulness to external appearances

-realistic color

-planning and composition

-transmission of models through copying

 

Term
Basic Knowledge of Chinese Painting
Definition
  • figure painting (secular or religious motif)
  • jiehua: architecture painting (focus on interaction with building)
  • flowers and birds
  • landscapes
Term
Tang Tomb Figures
Definition
  • plump face and body
  • figures function as protectors of tomb
  • disproportionate
Term
White Porcelain
Definition
  • elaborate
  • bird-head tip
  • low relief floral arabesques
  • foundation of following periods
Term
Song Dynasty (960-1279) Painting in China
Definition
Song Dynasty (960-1279) in China
Term
[image]
Definition

Luohan

Guan-Xiu

Handscroll, ink and color on silk

China

Five Dyansties Period

Term
[image]
Definition

A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks

Li Cheng

Handscroll, ink and slight color on silk

China

Five Dyansties-Northern Song Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Spring Festival Along the River

Zhang Zeduan

Handscroll, ink and slight color on silk

China

Northern Song Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Landscape in Rain

Ma Yuan

 Handscroll, ink on silk

China

Southern Song Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Shakyamuni Leaving His Mountain Retreat

Liang Kai

Handscroll, ink and slight color on silk

China

Southern Song Dynasty

Term
Painting in Post Tang Period
Definition
  • lanscape becomes dominated genre
  • techniques developed to describe nature: texture strokes (cun) and wash, new style brush strokes
  • new class of painting emerged: scholar- ameteur painters. Literati (later called Wenren)
Term
Guanxiu (832-912)
Zen (tantric) Buddhist Monk
(Figure Painter, Later Shu)
Definition
  • Chan Buddhist monk
  • poet, calligrapher and painter
  • known for painting Arhats (Louhans, Lohans) monk disciples of the Buddha
  • painted foreign or Indian face said, "I saw them in my dream."
  • his style was standard for others
Term
Dong Yuan (d. 962)
Landscape Painter
Definition
  • served Southern Tang as director of imperial parks
  • painted in ink monochrone and color
  • real mountains of Jiangnan (South of China)
Term
Li Cheng (919-967)
Song Dynasty Landscape Painter
Definition
  • notherner
  • descendant of the Tang imperial family

-Confucian scholars

  • lived in retirement
  • painted for pleasure
  • known for winter landscapes
Term
Zhang Zeduan (architecture)
Definition
  • jiehua and genre painting
  • ideal city
  • see people interact with city
  • early spring
  • buildings, trees, river
Term
Liang Kai
Definition
  • From Shakyamuni Emerging from the Mountains

-academy mode

 -dramatic trees and cliff frame figure

-season and weather

-harsh, cold landscapes

subject: Chan image of Shakyamuni

human being rather than an abstract god

-shown emerging from mountain

Term
Ma Xia School
Definition
  • Major Masters of the Imperial Painting Academy of the Late Southern Song:

-Ma Yuan

-Ma Lin, son of Ma Yuan

-Xia Gui

-Liang Kai

  • Style:

-influenced by Li Tang

-diagonal compostition

-big "axe-cut" cun

-graded wash

Term
Chan Buddhism
Definition
  • find Buddha mature in heart
  • Chinese version of Buddhism
  • traces, lineage back to Sakyamuni
  • Bodhidharma: 1st patriarch in China

-Shaolin monastery, facing the wall for nine years

Term
Song Dynasty (960-1279) Sculpture, Decorative Art and Korean Ceramics of Koryo (918-13??)
Definition
Song Dynasty (960-1279) Sculpture, Decorative and Korean Ceramics of Koryo (918-13??)
Term
[image]
Definition

Seated Potalaka Guanyin

painted wood

China

Liao Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Mei Ping Vase

Cizhou stoneware with carved decoration

China

Northern Song Dynasty or Jin Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Maebyong Vase

Korean Celadon porcelaneous stoneware with inlaid design of birds and trees

Korea

Koryo Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Covered Vase

Longquan Celadon porcelaneous stoneware

China

Southern Song Dynasty

Term
[image]
Definition

Avalokiteshvara with Wilow branch

ink, color and gold on silk

Korea

Koryo Period

 

  • diety in elegant pose
Term
Chinese Form of Buddhism and Art
Definition
  • Chinese reincarnations of Indian Buddhist deities
  • created new forms of Buddhist deities
  • new styles of Buddhist images

-costume similar to a monk

Term
Cizhouware
Definition
  • creamy color background
  • covered with slip (black or brown)
  • carved with slip (black or brown) away from the background areas
  • thick glaze applied
  • peony motif: richness
  • crane motif: longevity
Term
Jun ware (North or Central China)
Definition
  • gray or blue body, celadon
  • with occassional splashes of purple
Term
Longquan
Definition
  • southern celadon
  • blue-green or sea green and olive green glaze
  • taste of th court and scholars
  • remebling jade
  • influenced by Yun ware in Tang period
Term
Jian Ware
Definition
  • mainly tea bowls
  • associated with Chan Buddhism
  • also Temmoku ware by Japanese
  • dark brown body ceramic
  • thick brown glaze
  •  rabbit hair pattern
Term
Koryo Dynasty (918-1392) Korea
Definition
  • unified kingdom
  • confucianism  dominated the society
  • Chinese style civil service examination
  • belief in Buddhism
Term
Japanese Art of Late Heian (794-1185) and Kamakura (1185-1330) Periods
Definition
Japanese Art of Late Heian (794-1185) and Kamakura (1185-1330) Periods
Term
[image]
Definition

From Illustration to the "Azumaya" Chapter of the Tale of Genji

Handscroll; ink and color on paper

Japan

Heian Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Buring of Sanjo Palace

section of the handscroll, ink and color on paper

Japan

 Kamakura period

Term
[image]
Definition

Monkeys Worshipping a Frog

ink on paper

Japan

Kamakura Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Minatomo no Yorimoto

handscroll, ink and color on paper

Japan

Kamakura Period

  • formal costume, posture and gesture of a warrior
  • formal individual folds
  • face: realistic style
  • overall style to show his power

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Haya Raigo: The Descent of the Amida Buddha and Heavenly Host

gold and color on silk

Japan

Kamakura Period

  • Great Sun Buddha
  • Esoteric Buddhism
  • influenced by Tang tradition (blue and green landscape)
  • looks like a Bodhissatva
  • realistic style
  • features:

-diagonal composition

-focus on architecture, figures (people), nature

  • Japanese style: gold decoration and halo shine of Buddhas and bottissatvas
  • function: to help and benefit people

 

Term
The Heian Period (794-1185)
Present day Kyoto
Definition
  • peak of Japanese Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influence, as well as as Japanese imperialism court art, especially poetry and literature
  • Heian means " peace and tranquility" in Japanese
Term
Kamakura Period (1185-1330)
Definition
  • goverance by Shogunate (tent office), established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yorimoto
Term
Onna-e
Definition

means sympathy and sadness

 

(women art style)

Term
otoko-e
Definition
  • means public occurrences, religious genre (male art style)

 

 

Term
Emaki
Definition
Illustrating legendary or historical narratives
Term
Kei School
Definition
  • led by the Buddhist sculptors in Japan
  • school name associated with the name "Kei"
  • Chinese Tang influence
  • in realistic style
  • each artist had "kei" in their name
  • people still believed in Esoteric Buddhism and sculptors were in the realistic style (ex. Wisdom Kings)
Term
Japanese Art of the Muromachi Period (1392-1573)
Definition
Japanese Art of the Muromachi Period (1392-1573)
Term
[image]
Definition

Catching a Fish with a Gourd

Handscroll, ink and slight color on paper

Japan

Early Muromachi Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Hatsuboku Landscape for Soen

section of hangin scroll,

ink on two joined sheets of paper

Japan

Muromachi Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Kinkaku (Gold Pavillion) of Robuon-ji

Kyoto, Japan

Muromachi Period

  • gold leaf
  • religious function: Buddhist temple
  • destroyed in 1950, rebuilt according to original plan
  • top floor: Zen meditation hall
  • bottom two floor: worship of Amitabha Buddha
  • lotus (water) pond: place to be reborn
  • building and pond represent Amitabha pureness
Term
[image]
Definition

Garden of Daisen-in of Daitoku-ji

Kyoto, Japan

Muromachi Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Tai-an Teahouse

Myoki-an, Kyoto, Japan

Early Momoyama Period

Term
Tensho Shubun (student of Josetsu)
Definition
  • visited Korea, probably familiar with  Ma-Xia style of korean painting of the time
  • diagonal composition, agular trees, ink tones
Term
Sesshu Toyo (1420-1506 C.E.) (Student of Tensho Shubun)
Definition
  • more inkwash and broad brushstrokes in outline
  • Chinese style, Japan taste
  • splash ink motif: Zen painting
Term
Kano Masanobu (1434-1530 C.E.)
Definition
  • the founder of Kano School
  • representing a Chinese scholar, Zhou Manshi
  • Southern Song Style with more decorative qualities
Term
kannon Temple (Sliver Pavillion)
Definition
  • intended to have silver leaf applied to outside walls
  • 8th Ashkaga shogun built a villa
  • similar representation for the golden villa (represent western paradise)
Term
Tea Ceremony
Definition
  • ceremonies tea drinking of Tangand Song literati and Chan monks
  • imported from China
  • In the 15th century, traditional tea ceremony was founded in Japan by Zen priests and painters, patronized by shogun
  • use of work of art: gardens, teahouses, iron kettles, bowls, dishes, hanging scrolls, etc.
Term
Requirements of a Tea Ceremony
Definition
  • harmony
  • respect
  • purity
  • tranquility
  • against robust and gorgeous
  •  simple, rustic, rough, (likes/ for buildings)
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