Term
| Social Stratification in Tokugawa Japan |
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Definition
Emperor
Court Nobility
Shogun
Daimyo
Upper Samurai
Middle Samurai
Lower Samurai
Urban Merchants
Peasants
Artisans
Day Laborers
Non-Poeple |
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Term
| Tokugawa Policies for stability |
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Definition
| Close off country. Put society into a freeze. They did come into power through guns though. |
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| Ieyasu issued the first order in 1606 to persecute Christianity. His persecution got gradually worse and worse. How do you identify Christians. Go into a villiage, locate a Christian icon and order people to destroy it. If people refused, off they went. Shimabara was one rebel leader who was stamped out. He assumed the title of Shogun in 1603. 15 generations of Tokugawa followed him. |
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| locking up the country. Isolation policy. |
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| one of the men responsible for unifying Japan. Secured successor of Nobunaga by defeating Akechi Mitsuhide within a month of Nobunaga's death. Said the people could not have any type of arms in their possession. All weapons were melted down for the construction of a large Buddha. |
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1592, 1597
Hideyoshi invaded Korea. The Koreans asked for Chinese help and the Koreans came and fought. The Japanese had been at war for so long they weren’t ready for peace. This is why Hideyoshi decided to engage in war. This was his way of restoring peace. |
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1534-1562
He started as a lowly foot soldier. He formed his men into 3 ranks to shoot which made it the 16th century version of the machine gun. He was assassinated by one of his generals however. Welcomed Jesuits and slaughtered buddhists. |
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| The system whereby the the various daimyo had to spend much time & money in Edo rather than in their own domains. Had to leave family there, basically held hostage. |
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| Signed between Portugal and Spain to divide up new world. Supplemented by treaty of saragosa in 1527 to take into account that the world is round. |
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| A society of warriors. A very decentralized system. There is an emperor who recruits knights to fight for him. In return for this, the king gives land and privileges. But they need to come to the support of the lord in a time of war with their soldiers and equipment. In Europe this was a legal contract to fight for the King. You are “knighted” and then you’d better show up. |
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The Bushido code is typified by seven virtues:
1. Rectitude (義 gi?)
2. Courage (勇 yū?)
3. Benevolence (仁 jin?)
4. Respect (礼 rei?)
5. Honesty (誠 makoto or 信 shin?)
6. Honour, Glory (名誉 meiyo?)
7. Loyalty (忠義 chūgi?) |
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| Ashikaga or Muromachi period |
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Definition
| The Muromachi period ran from approximately 1336 to 1573. Governance of the Ashikaga shogunate, also called Muromachi shogunate, which was officially established in 1336 by the first Muromachi shogun Ashikaga Takauji, who seized political power from Emperor Go-Daigo, ending the Kemmu restoration. The period ended in 1573 when the 15th and last shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki was driven out of the capital in Kyoto by Oda Nobunaga. |
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| managers appointed by shogun to oversee collection of tax revenues and help in administration. |
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| Shinto is way of life. No specific commandments. Buddhism filled this gap because it had a code of conduct and an explanation of life and its meaning. |
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1. Life means suffering.
2. The origin of suffering is attachment.
3. The cessation of suffering is attainable.
4. The path to the cessation of suffering. |
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| Buddhist sect imported from China and developed by Saicho. Headquarter temple atop Mt. Hiei. |
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| The Heian Period is the last division of classical Japanese history, from 794 to 1185. Confucianism and other Chinese influences were at height. also considered peak of Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Heian means "safety and tranquility" in Japanese. Capital was Heian, modern day Kyoto. |
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| Court nobles who controlled the imperial family after liquidating the Soga in 644. Reached its height under Fujiwara Michinaga as kampaku (chief advisor) to the emperor. Continued with Chinese reforms. |
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| led by Jimmu. He proclaimed himself as a direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu. As proof of his divine origins he produced three objects said to have been handed down from the sun goddess. |
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| Be- immigrant communities charged with the performance of specific duties such as potters, weavers etc. |
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| Uji- ruling class. Descendants of the Ujigama god. |
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