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AST 101 Exam 3
AST 101 Exam 3
56
Astronomy
Undergraduate 1
12/15/2010

Additional Astronomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Brown Dwarf
Definition
a non-luminous star
Term
Brown Dwarf
Definition
a non-luminous star Just missing some mass
Term
first extra solar planet was detected
Definition
in 1995 by Michael Mayor discovered a planet orbiting 51 Pegasi
Term
Jupiter's significant mass causes our sun
Definition
to orbit the Sun Jupiter center of mass point
Term
Asto-Metric Method
Definition
take a telescope and fix it on a star and observe the motion of that star
Term
Doppler Shift Method
Definition
THIS IS VELOCITY DATA Here the spectral emission lines from the star are analyzed for Doppler blue shifting and Doppler red shifting
Term
a transit is
Definition
the planet is between the star and our telescopes During a transit some of the light from a star is blocked by a planet This gives is the size of the planet
Term
Kelvin and Helmholtz
Definition
gravitational contraction Hypothesis postulated that gravitational contraction was the mechanism for the sun's enormous energy
Term
Unfortunately the gravitational contraction Hypothesis
Definition
could on ly power the sun for 25 million years
Term
Einstein and his Theory of
Definition
Special Relativity in 1905 Demonstrated that energy and matter are interchangeable this was a big deal Small amount of matter produces tremendous amount of energy
Term
Powers the sun
Definition
nuclear fusion
Term
Why is the sun stable. Not blowing itself apart.
Definition
The sun is pulling everything in except the photons so we can saw the sun is Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Term
In the sun we are slowly converting
Definition
Hydrogen to Helium via Nuclear Fusion
Term
Generally Speaking the Sun is
Definition
a giant ball of Hydrogen and Helium in the plasma state
Term
Plasma is
Definition
super heated gas where the electrons have disassociated from the atoms
Term
Outermost layer of the sun is
Definition
the corona very high temperature at about 1 million Kelvin produces X rays
Term
Next layer down from corona
Definition
is chromosphere temperature is about 10,000 Kelvin. Most of the light is in the UV range
Term
When you take a picture of the sun you are taking a picture
Definition
of the photosphere
Term
Convection Zone
Definition
Here heat is transported by buoyancy forces and the confection zone runs from 70% of the radius of the sun to 100% of the radius
Term
Radiation Zone
Definition
Here energy moves outward primarily due to radiation from center out to 70% of the radius
Term
The core is a
Definition
very small region < 1% where the nuclear fusion occurs
Term
Protons and neutrons are held together by the
Definition
strong force
Term
Called strong force because
Definition
its so much stronger than electric force
Term
There are only ? Fundamental forces in nature, the entire Universe
Definition
4
Term
Gravity:
Definition
Binds objects that have mass
Term
Electromagnetic Force:
Definition
Binds objects that have unlike electrical charges
Term
Your body is held together by
Definition
EM forces
Term
EM force is strong, more so than
Definition
gravity, on earth, think Black Hole
Term
Strong Force:
Definition
Binds together the quarks that have unlike color charge
Term
Protons and Neutrons are made of
Definition
quarks
Term
Anytime the nucleus is modified in an atom the
Definition
strong force is involved
Term
Weak Force:
Definition
An interaction that allows a down quark to change into an up qu
Term
In the sun, or any fusion reaction, the
Definition
EM force is irrelevant so long as the velocities are sufficiently high
Term
The effective reaction in the sun is
Definition
the fusing of 4 protons into 1 Helium4 atom and a release of energy (Gives off gamma rays, positrons, and neutrinos)
Term
Sun has hit earth with 8 billion pounds of matter each second for 4.6 billion years
Definition
It has about 5 billion years left
Term
The Sun's Fusion is self
Definition
Regulating. There is a relation to core temperature and pressure
Term
This slow outward migration of the photons
Definition
is Radiative diffusion
Term
Study of vibrations in the sun
Definition
Helio Seismology
Term
Ray Davis 1964
Definition
Home Stake South Dakota neutrino detector it uses 100,000 gallons of Dry Cleaning Fluid
Term
Neutrinos
Definition
are very small they have almost no mass and as far as we can tell they are almost 1000 times smaller than an electron
Term
Neutrinos can
Definition
shift between three types as they travel through space
Term
All life forms utilize the same
Definition
encoding molecule Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Term
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Definition
Has been produced with ease in our laboratories Most biologists believe that RNA was the original genetic material of life
Term
Miller Urey Experiments
Definition
atmospheric gasses like methane water CO2 Ammonia etc. when subjected to electrical sparks Produced all the major complex molecules required for life The big one is RNA Later experiments showed how microscopic membranes form
Term
Basic Requirements for life
Definition
Source of Nutrition of which carbon is the most important. Source of energy provided the energy to rearrange the nutrient's to develop the organism Liquid water Solvent
Term
Frank Drake
Definition
Proposed an equation in the late '60s Yields the number of advanced beings we might be able to communicate with in our galaxy
Term
Einstein theory in 1950
Definition
General Relativity
Term
Einstein's theory of special relativity
Definition
1905 told us that the three spatial dimensions and time are linked together to form a 4 dimensional "fabric" which we call space time
Term
Globally the universe could have
Definition
3 geometries
Term
Flat geometry
Definition
parallel lines from lasers remain parallel
Term
Spherical geometry
Definition
parallel lines from lasers converge
Term
Hyperbolic geometry
Definition
parallel lines from lasers diverge
Term
In 12 months earth will be in the same position however
Definition
this is not entirely true time has passed
Term
world line
Definition
unique path through space time
Term
Karl Schwarzschild
Definition
first to determine the size of a Black hole
Term
Another word for event horizon
Definition
is the Schwarzschild radius
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