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Asthma and COPD
obstructive lung disease - ASSPITE
10
Medical
Undergraduate 3
05/13/2008

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is PEFR?
Definition

Peak Expiratory flow Rate

 

= maximum rate of flow achieved after a sudden forced expiration from a full inspiration.

Term
What are the benefits and limitations of PEFR?
Definition

Benefits: good for day-to-day monitoring

cheap and easy to use

 

Limitations: easily confounded by technique and effort

Term
What are the 3 main measurements used in spirometry?
Definition
FVR - Forced Vital Capacity
FEV1 = Forced Expiratory volume in 1 sec
FEV1/FVC = Ratio - in healthy adults should be greater than 75-80%
Term
What is FVC?
Definition
Forced Vital Capacity = maximum amount of air that can be expired from the lungs, during forced expiration after a full inspiration
Term
What is FEV1?
Definition
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec = The maximum amount of air that can be expired from the lungs during the first second of a forced expiration.
Term
give an example of a condition where the FEV1:FVC may be over-estimated.
Definition
Restrictive lung disease = Pulmonary Fibrosis
Term
give and example of a condition where the FEV1:FVC is reduced.
Definition
Obstructive lung disease = COPD/Asthma
Term
Define respiratory failure
Definition
= failure of lungs to maintain adequate gas exchange. Hypoxaemia (Pa02 < 60mmhg/8kPa) +/- Hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45mmHg/6.7kPa)
Term
Describe Type 1 Respiratory failure and what causes it.
Definition
= Hypoxaemia without hypercapnia.
(Pa02<60mmHg/8kPa, PaCO2 normal)
Patient = cyanotic and restless
Causes: VQ mismatch - ie PE
Shunts
Disease of lung tissue - emphysema
Term
Describe Type 2 respiratory failure and what causes it.
Definition
= hypoxaemia and hypercapnia
(PaO2<60mmhg/8kPA, PaCO2>45mmhg/6.7kPa)
Patient = flapping tremor, bounding pulse, warm peripheries, headache
Causes: build up of CO2 that body has generated. Caused by resistance to breathing - eg asthma/COPD, or decreased breathing effort - eg stroke/neuromuscular disease.
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