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autecology midterm
3600 midterm
65
Other
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2013

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Term
mesic
Definition
shaded
Term
flagged form
Definition
high elevation trees, only branches on leeward side survive
Term
wind pollinated
Definition
conifers, aspen, grasses
features: reduced flower parts
catkins(tremuloides)
open and sticky cone scales
Term
insect pollinated
Definition
forbes, shrubs
Term
wind and insect pollinates
Definition
maples, willows
Term
wind dispersal
Definition
appendage-wings(conifers)
pappus hairs (arnica)
silky hairs (aspen)
samara (acer)
Term
water dispersal
Definition
silky hairs(salicaceae)
Term
animal dispersal
Definition
passive= seed/fruit lodged in fur
active= ingested(confers w/birds)(douglas fir with squirrels)
Term
types of vegetative propagation
Definition
rhizomes
root suckers
layering
crown/stump sprouting buds
Term
high fire tolerance
Definition
populus
pinus contorta and ponderosa
Term
low fire tolerance
Definition
picea x2
abies lasiocarpa
Term
high shade tolerance
Definition
abies lasiocarpa
abies concolor
picea x2
Term
low shade tolerance
Definition
populus temuloides
pinus x5
Term
fire tolerance adaptations
Definition
branching patterns, bark thickness
root suckers, serotinous cones
Term
ephemeral
Definition
drought deciduous
Term
hollow hairs
Definition
reflect light, reduce heat load, reduce air movement, increase humidity
Term
glandular hairs
Definition
release terpenoids
anti-herbivory
Term
sage adaptations
Definition
leaf shape and orientation
ephemeral leaves
hairs(glandular and hollow)
leaf cell volume
wide temp. photosynthesis range
2 layers of roots
mycorrhizal associations
Term
reduction in leaf water volume
Definition
increases solute concentrations to create water pulling gradient
Term
sage root structure
Definition
deep root pulls up water at night and releases into top soil
during rain, top roots send water doen to recharge deep soil
"hydraulic redistribution"
Term
mycorrhizal associations
Definition
roots and fungus, plant provides carbon, fungus provides water phosphorous and pathogen protection
Term
sage canopy
Definition
self reliant
Term
sage regeneration
Definition
many seeds
small, no dispersal
short longevity
episodic establishment
Term
Actinorhizal Association
Definition
plant provides carbon
Alamentous bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen
Term
bunch grasses
Definition
tussock
Koeleria Macrantha, elymus spicatus
Term
sod grasses
Definition
rhizomes/stolens
Term
bunch grasses competitive here
why??
Definition
1.Trapping snow and melting snow
2.Better access to limited resources
3.Able to withstand temperature extremes
Term
bunch grass adaptation to competition
Definition
tightly packed, prevent invasion
roots directly below, less competition
Term
modification of microhabitat
Definition
1.trap snow which protects stems and increases water
2.black body quickens snow melt
3. self shading and hair heat retention
4. "islands of fertility"
Term
bluegrass adaptation to disturbance
Definition
meristems protected at or below surface
Term
bluegrass adaptations to drought
Definition
long narrow blade can change angle for light capture
photosynthetic sheath
Term
bluegrass resource sharing
Definition
hollow stem= efficient
resource sharing for 3 generations
Term
bluegrass roots
Definition
concentrated at top
occupy directly below plant
respond to nutrient pulses
Term
bluegrass reproduction
Definition
episodic seed production and germination
reliance on tillering
long life(30-50 yrs)
Term
bluegrass response to herbivory
Definition
bad- rely on current photosynthesis not stored
slowly create new tillers
Term
wetland problems
Definition
slow gas diffusion
difficult to metabolize glucose, make
accumulation of ethanol from anaerobic
accumulation of reduced elements
Term
high inundation tolerance
Definition
schoenoplectus acutus
typha spp.
phragmites= middle
Term
low inundation tolerance
Definition
phalaris arundinacea
salix spp.
Term
Morphological adaptations to inundation
Definition
parenchyma collapse= more space for gas exchange
convective air flow in phragmites
Term
physiological adaptations to inundation
Definition
anaerobic metabolism
radian oxygen loss
Term
other adaptations to inundation
Definition
large rhizomes
in phragmites, rapid shoot elongation
Term
wetland seed production
Definition
production dependent on ideal conditions
dispersed by water and wind
strong seed banks
Term
carex adaptations juvinile
Definition
narrow gas filled chambers
Term
carex adaptations mature
Definition
aerenchyma tissue
radian oxygen loss
root depth above saturation
ephemeral leaves
decreased cell volume in drought(concentration gradient)
Term
carex sexual reproduction
Definition
a.Varies with moisture variability-rarely produce seeds during dry years
b.Seeds(fruits) can float for weeks/months
c.Form persistent seed banks
Term
carex asexual reproduction
Definition
long, short and mixed rhizomes
mixed= nebrascensis
Term
ressource sharing in carex
Definition
even old dead shoots pull nutrients and receive carbon
Term
populus and salix
Definition
dependent on water table changes
strong on maintanence
Term
riparian sexual reproduction
Definition
tiny seeds dispersed after flooding with short life
episodic, rely on "safe" site just cleared by flooding
require slow draw down of water table
Term
riparian asexual reproduction
Definition
1.sprouting around arent base when damaged
2. root suckering, farther away
3. bent over tree creates lone of sprouts
4. branch carried downstream and burried
Term
riparian water stress
Definition
xylem cavitation= bubble in vein, persists throughout year, branch mortality
Term
riparian morphological adaptations
Definition
lenticels, put oxygen to soil in saturation and release co2 to atmosphere
Term
problems for salt desert scrub
Definition
high water soluble salts
bad soil structure(no aggregation or infultration, crusting)
Term
why salt problems are problems(mature)
Definition
salt gradient makes it difficult to extract water
Term
high salt tolerance
Definition
salicornia
allenrolfea
suaeda
distichlis
Term
low salt tolerance
Definition
ceratoides
grayia spinosa
chrysothamnus
tetradymia
artemisia
Term
medium salt tolerance
Definition
sarcobatus
sporobolus
kochia
atriplex
Term
salt adaptations
Definition
1. increase cell volume with salt uptake
2. exclusion of salt in vacuoles
3. exclusion of salt in trichromes and bracts
4. excretion of salt from glands
Term
increase cell volume with salt uptake
Definition
creates steady concentrations
Term
Salt exclusion in cell vacuoles
Definition
keep away from organelles
requires energy
must create non toxic stress proteins to maintain concentration gradient
Term
salt exclusion in tricromes
Definition
cells collapse and release salt to surface, antiherbivory
Term
salt exclusion in bracts
Definition
kepp away from fruits
Term
drought tolerance on playa
Definition
leaf shading
leaf rolling
leaf orientation
polypoidy
Term
recruitment in playa
Definition
quick rains drop salts into profile
Term
recruitment in uplands
Definition
steady rain throught season, episodic
rhizomes important
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