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high elevation trees, only branches on leeward side survive |
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conifers, aspen, grasses features: reduced flower parts catkins(tremuloides) open and sticky cone scales |
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Definition
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wind and insect pollinates |
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appendage-wings(conifers) pappus hairs (arnica) silky hairs (aspen) samara (acer) |
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passive= seed/fruit lodged in fur active= ingested(confers w/birds)(douglas fir with squirrels) |
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types of vegetative propagation |
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Definition
rhizomes root suckers layering crown/stump sprouting buds |
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Definition
populus pinus contorta and ponderosa |
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Definition
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Definition
abies lasiocarpa abies concolor picea x2 |
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Definition
populus temuloides pinus x5 |
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fire tolerance adaptations |
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Definition
branching patterns, bark thickness root suckers, serotinous cones |
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Definition
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Definition
reflect light, reduce heat load, reduce air movement, increase humidity |
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Definition
release terpenoids anti-herbivory |
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Definition
leaf shape and orientation ephemeral leaves hairs(glandular and hollow) leaf cell volume wide temp. photosynthesis range 2 layers of roots mycorrhizal associations |
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reduction in leaf water volume |
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Definition
increases solute concentrations to create water pulling gradient |
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Definition
deep root pulls up water at night and releases into top soil during rain, top roots send water doen to recharge deep soil "hydraulic redistribution" |
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Definition
roots and fungus, plant provides carbon, fungus provides water phosphorous and pathogen protection |
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Definition
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Definition
many seeds small, no dispersal short longevity episodic establishment |
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plant provides carbon Alamentous bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen |
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Definition
tussock Koeleria Macrantha, elymus spicatus |
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Definition
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bunch grasses competitive here why?? |
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Definition
1.Trapping snow and melting snow 2.Better access to limited resources 3.Able to withstand temperature extremes |
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bunch grass adaptation to competition |
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Definition
tightly packed, prevent invasion roots directly below, less competition |
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modification of microhabitat |
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Definition
1.trap snow which protects stems and increases water 2.black body quickens snow melt 3. self shading and hair heat retention 4. "islands of fertility" |
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bluegrass adaptation to disturbance |
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Definition
meristems protected at or below surface |
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bluegrass adaptations to drought |
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Definition
long narrow blade can change angle for light capture photosynthetic sheath |
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bluegrass resource sharing |
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Definition
hollow stem= efficient resource sharing for 3 generations |
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Definition
concentrated at top occupy directly below plant respond to nutrient pulses |
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Definition
episodic seed production and germination reliance on tillering long life(30-50 yrs) |
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bluegrass response to herbivory |
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Definition
bad- rely on current photosynthesis not stored slowly create new tillers |
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Definition
slow gas diffusion difficult to metabolize glucose, make accumulation of ethanol from anaerobic accumulation of reduced elements |
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Term
high inundation tolerance |
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Definition
schoenoplectus acutus typha spp. phragmites= middle |
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Term
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Definition
phalaris arundinacea salix spp. |
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Morphological adaptations to inundation |
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Definition
parenchyma collapse= more space for gas exchange convective air flow in phragmites |
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physiological adaptations to inundation |
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Definition
anaerobic metabolism radian oxygen loss |
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other adaptations to inundation |
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Definition
large rhizomes in phragmites, rapid shoot elongation |
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Term
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Definition
production dependent on ideal conditions dispersed by water and wind strong seed banks |
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Term
carex adaptations juvinile |
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Definition
narrow gas filled chambers |
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Term
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Definition
aerenchyma tissue radian oxygen loss root depth above saturation ephemeral leaves decreased cell volume in drought(concentration gradient) |
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Term
carex sexual reproduction |
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Definition
a.Varies with moisture variability-rarely produce seeds during dry years b.Seeds(fruits) can float for weeks/months c.Form persistent seed banks |
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Term
carex asexual reproduction |
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Definition
long, short and mixed rhizomes mixed= nebrascensis |
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Term
ressource sharing in carex |
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Definition
even old dead shoots pull nutrients and receive carbon |
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Definition
dependent on water table changes strong on maintanence |
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riparian sexual reproduction |
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Definition
tiny seeds dispersed after flooding with short life episodic, rely on "safe" site just cleared by flooding require slow draw down of water table |
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Term
riparian asexual reproduction |
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Definition
1.sprouting around arent base when damaged 2. root suckering, farther away 3. bent over tree creates lone of sprouts 4. branch carried downstream and burried |
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Term
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Definition
xylem cavitation= bubble in vein, persists throughout year, branch mortality |
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riparian morphological adaptations |
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Definition
lenticels, put oxygen to soil in saturation and release co2 to atmosphere |
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Term
problems for salt desert scrub |
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Definition
high water soluble salts bad soil structure(no aggregation or infultration, crusting) |
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why salt problems are problems(mature) |
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Definition
salt gradient makes it difficult to extract water |
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Term
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Definition
salicornia allenrolfea suaeda distichlis |
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Definition
ceratoides grayia spinosa chrysothamnus tetradymia artemisia |
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Definition
sarcobatus sporobolus kochia atriplex |
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Term
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Definition
1. increase cell volume with salt uptake 2. exclusion of salt in vacuoles 3. exclusion of salt in trichromes and bracts 4. excretion of salt from glands |
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increase cell volume with salt uptake |
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Definition
creates steady concentrations |
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Term
Salt exclusion in cell vacuoles |
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Definition
keep away from organelles requires energy must create non toxic stress proteins to maintain concentration gradient |
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salt exclusion in tricromes |
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Definition
cells collapse and release salt to surface, antiherbivory |
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Definition
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drought tolerance on playa |
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Definition
leaf shading leaf rolling leaf orientation polypoidy |
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Definition
quick rains drop salts into profile |
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Definition
steady rain throught season, episodic rhizomes important |
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