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Autonomic Nervous System
Test # 3 - CNS, PNS, ANS
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/03/2012

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Term
The ANS consists of neurons that...
Definition
1.)innervate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands.
2.)ensure optimal support for body activities.
3.)operate via subconscious control
4.)have viscera as most of their effectors
Term
How does the ANS differ from the SNS?
Definition
1.)effectors
2.)efferent pathways
3.)target organ responses
Term
The effectors of the SNS are...
Definition
skeletal muscles.
Term
The effectors of the ANS are...
Definition
cardiac, smooth and gland muscles.
Term
The efferent pathways in the SNS are...
Definition
heavily myelinated axons extend from the CNS to the effector
Term
The efferent pathways of the ANS are...
Definition
a two neuron chain. The preganglionic neuron has a lightly myelinated axon and the ganglionic neuron extends to an effector organ.
Term
The neurotransmitter effects in the SNS are...
Definition
acetocholine which is excitatory effect.
Term
The neurotransmitter effects in the ANS are...
Definition
Preganglionic - Ach
Postganglionic - Norepinephrine or Ach.
Term
The ANS effect on a target organ is dependant upon the...
Definition
1.)type of neurotransmitter released
2.)receptor type of the effector released
Term
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?
Definition
1.)Sympathetic
2.)Parasympathetic
Term
The sympathetic _____ the body during extreme situations
Definition
Mobilizes.
Term
The parasympathetic performs maintenance activities and ______ body energy.
Definition
Conserves
Term
Which division concernd with the D activities?
Definition
Parasympathetic. Digestion, defecation, diuresis.
Term
Which division is the "fight or flight" system?
Definition
Sympathetic.
Term
Which division is concerned with the E activities?
Definition
Sympathetic. Exercise, excitement, emergency, embarassment.
Term
Where do sympathetic fibers originate?
Definition
Thoracic region
Term
Where do the parasympathetic fibers originate?
Definition
The brain and sacral spinal cord.
Term
Sympathetic fibers are ____ preganglionic and _____ postganglionic.
Definition
short & long.
Term
Parasympathetic fibers are ____ preganglionic and _____ postganglionic.
Definition
long & short.
Term
Where is the ganglia located in the sympathetic division?
Definition
Closer to the spinal cord.
Term
Where is the ganglia located in the parasympathetic division?
Definition
In the visceral effector organs.
Term
A _____ with the ganglionic neuron within the same ganglion.
Definition
synapse
Term
_____ or _____ the sympathetic chain to synapse in another chain ganglion.
Definition
Ascend or descend
Term
Pass through the chain ganglion and emerge _____ ______.
Definition
without synapse.
Term
The previous were the three ways a ____________ follows upon entering the prevertebral column.
Definition
preganglionic fiber
Term
Is parasympathetic or sympathetic activation long-lasting?
Definition
Sympathetic.
Term
Why?
Definition
1.)Because norepinephrine is inactivated slower than Ach.
2.) It's an indirectly acting neurotransmitter that uses a second-messenger system
3.)Epinephrine are released into blood and remain there until destroyed by the liver.
Term
What does the sympathetic division control?
Definition
Thermoregulatory responses to heat, release of renin, metabolic effects.
Term
Applying heat to the skin causes ____ _____ of blood vessels.
Definition
reflex dilation.
Term
A rise in body temperature causes widespread ______ of blood vessels.
Definition
dilation
Term
When temperature falls, blood vessels ______ and blood is retained deeper in vital organs.
Definition
constricts.
Term
What is renin?
Definition
An enzyme that promotes increased blood pressure.
Term
A drop in blood pressure causes your kidneys to release _______.
Definition
Renin.
Term
Renin converts angio... to angiotesin 1 which is modified to the hormone ________ ___.
Definition
angiotesin 2.
Term
What does angiotesin 2 stimulate?
Definition
aldosterone and the adrenal cortex
Term
Aldosterone stimulates _____ and restricts _______ ______. This in turn elevates blood pressure. Ta-da.
Definition
thrist & water loss.
Term
The sympathetic division ____ the metabolic rate of body cells.
Definition
Increases.
Term
______ blood glucose levels.
Definition
Raises.
Term
_______ ____ as a food source.
Definition
Mobilizes fat
Term
Stimulates _____, increasing _____ _____.
Definition
RAS. Mental Alertness.
Term
What are the pathways of the parasympathetic division?
Definition
Cranial Nerves.
- III. Oculomotor
- VII. Facial
- IX. Glossopharyngeal
- X. Vagus
Term
What are the physiological responses by the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
Definition
-Decrease heart rate
-Decrease respiratory rate
-Allow for digestion
-Allow discarding of waste
Term
The main integration center of ANS activity is the _______.
Definition
Hypothalamus.
Term
What does the hypothalamus control?
Definition
Heart activity, blood pressure, body temp, water balance, endocrine activity, emotion stages, biological drives, reactions to the fear and "fight or flight" system.
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