Term
| What are the 2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| How many pairs of Cranial Nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic Neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Increase in heart rate
and force of
contraction.
• Sweat gland
stimulation.
• Constriction of blood
vessels in skin.
Increase in blood flow
to muscles.
• Bronchodilatation.
• Increase in glucose
breakdown in liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduction of blood
flow to abdominal
organs.
• Decreased digestive
activity.
• Relaxation of smooth
muscle in urinary
bladder |
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Term
| Direct SNS Stimulation (Cont'd) |
|
Definition
results in release of
the neurotransmitters norepinephrine
and epinephrine.
• These chemicals travel further to target
receptors known as adrenergic
receptors. |
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Term
|
Definition
Peripheral Vasoconstriction
Increased contractile force
Decreased Heart Rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vasodilation and Decreased blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
Increased Heart Rate
Increased Contractile force
Increased automaticity |
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Term
|
Definition
Peripheral Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Uterine smooth wall Relaxation
GI smooth muscle relaxation |
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Term
|
Definition
Known as “Feed or Breed” system or
“craniosacral” system because of
exiting of nerves from base of cranial
vault and the sacral vertebrae.
• Primary neurotransmitter is ACh.
• ACh acts on muscarinic and nicotinic
receptors.
Muscarinic receptors are primary
receptors that result in responses seen
in emergency medicine. |
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Term
|
Definition
Decrease in heart rate and force of
contraction.
• Pupillary constriction.
• Stimulates digestive gland secretion.
• Increased smooth muscle contraction
along the digestive tract.
• Bronchoconstriction. |
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Term
|
Definition
nerve fibers from
CNS interact with nerve fibers from
ganglia to target organs |
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Term
|
Definition
autonomic nerve fibers
exit CNS; terminate in autonomic
ganglia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
autonomic nerve fibers
exit ganglia; terminate in target tissues. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| space between nerve cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
space between
nerve cell and target organ. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
conduct nervous
impulse between nerve cells or between
nerve cell and target organ.
– Acetylcholine (ACh); norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synapses that use
acetylcholine as neurotransmitter |
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Term
|
Definition
synapses that use
norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Facial nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X) |
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|
Term
Stimulation of parasympathetic nervous
system results in |
|
Definition
Pupillary constriction
Secretion by digestive glands
Reduction in heart rate; cardiac contractile
force
Bronchoconstriction
Increased smooth muscle activity along
digestive tract |
|
|
Term
Parasympathetic system has two types
of ACh receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Location and Effect of Muscarinic Receptor |
|
Definition
Heart Decreased heart rate
Decreased conduction rate
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Arterioles
Dilation
Dilation
Dilation
Coronary
Skin and mucosa
Cerebral
GI tract
Relaxed
Increased motility
Increased salivation
Increased secretion
Sphincters
Salivary glands
Exocrine glands
Lungs
Bronchoconstriction
Increased mucus
production
Bronchiole smooth
muscle
Bronchial glands
Gallbladder Contraction
Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson
Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Bryan E. Bledsoe
Richard A. Cherry
Robert S. Porter
Table 13-14 (continued) Location and Effect of Muscarinic Receptors (2 of 2)
Organ Functions Location
Urinary bladder Relaxation
Contraction
Urinary sphincter
Detrusor muscle
Liver Glycogen synthesis
Lacrimal glands Secretion (increased
tearing) Eye
Eye Contraction for near vision
Constriction Ciliary muscle Pupil
Penis Erection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholinergic drugs act directly or
indirectly.
– Prototype direct-acting cholinergic:
bethanechol.
– Direct-acting cholinergics simulate
effects of ACh.
– Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs affect
acetylcholinesterase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric motility
Emesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anticholinergic agents oppose
parasympathetic nervous system.
– Muscarinic cholinergic antagonists: block
effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic
receptors (anticholinergics or
parasympatholytics).
– Prototype anticholinergic drug: atropine
Nicotinic cholinergic antagonists: block
acetylcholine only at nicotinic sites.
– Ganglionic blocking agents:
trimethaphan and mecamylamine.
Both used to treat hypertension
Neuromuscular blocking agents:
produce state of paralysis without
affecting consciousness.
– Depolarizing or nondepolarizing,
depending on mechanism of action. |
|
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Term
| Ganglionic stimulating agents |
|
Definition
alkaloid
nicotine stimulates these receptors |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
Stimulation of secretion by sweat glands
Constriction of blood vessels in skin
Increase in blood flow to skeletal muscles
Increase in heart rate and force of
cardiac contractions
Bronchodilation
Stimulation of energy production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abdominal cavity.
Reduction of blood flow to abdominal
organs
Decreased digestive activity
Relaxation of smooth muscle in wall of
urinary bladder
Release of glucose stores from liver |
|
|
Term
Clinical purpose for medications that
stimulate alpha1 receptors |
|
Definition
peripheral
vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
increases heart rate,
contractility, conduction; cardiac arrest
and hypotension. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
treat asthma and
excessive narrowing of bronchioles |
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Term
|
Definition
stimulate effects of
adrenergic receptors; work directly,
indirectly, combination of the two |
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Term
|
Definition
norepinephrine,
epinephrine, dopamine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
dobutamine
and isoproterenol. |
|
|
Term
| Alpha adrenergic antagonists |
|
Definition
noncompetitive, long-acting;
competitive, short-acting |
|
|
Term
| Beta adrenergic antagonists |
|
Definition
beta-
blockers; tachycardia, hypertension,
angina. |
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