Term
| Electricity in which the flow of electrons periodically reverses in direction and continually changes in magnitude |
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Definition
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Term
| Current starts at zero and builds up to a maximum in one direction, falls back to zero, builds up to a maximum in the opposite direction, and returns to zero |
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Definition
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Term
| Advantages of Alternating Current |
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Definition
| Ease with which it may be generated. All aircraft DC generators actually produce AC, but it is converted to DC before leaving the generator |
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Term
| The AC waveform produced by a rotary generator |
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Definition
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Term
| Sine wave AC has a constantly changing, periodically reversing and cyclically repeating set of values. One complete set of these variations, from zero to a maximum in the positive direction, back to zero, then to a maximum value in the opposite direction and back to zero, is one cycle of AC |
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Definition
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Term
| One half of a cycle, or the positive or negative variation of a cycle of AC |
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Definition
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Term
| The maximum value of current or voltage measured from the zero reference line |
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Definition
Peak Value
-The negative values will be exactly the same as the positive values, with the polarities being the only difference |
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Term
| What do you multiply the effective value to get peak value? |
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Definition
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Term
| The maximum difference between the peak positive voltage or current , and the peak negative value |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the value measured when using an oscilloscope, and is important for determining the voltages which must be withstood by wiring installations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A force caused by electrons moving from one atom to another |
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Term
| a deficiency of electrons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the difference in electrical charges causes |
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Definition
electrical pressure
(Voltage) |
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Term
| A type of circuit in an electrical system in which all the components are connected in such a way that they provide only one path from the source of current flow, through all of the components, and back to the source. |
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Definition
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Term
| The total _____ is equal to the sum of all the individual resistors |
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Definition
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Term
| All the _____ in a series circuit must flow past every point in the circuit |
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Definition
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Term
| The total ______ drops in a series circuit will total the voltage applied |
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Definition
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Term
| A circuit in which there is more than one complete path for electrons to pass from the negative terminal of the power source back to its positive terminal |
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Definition
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Term
| The total ____ is equal to the sum of the current in each branch of the circuit |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ drop across each branch of a parallel circuit is equal to each branch |
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Definition
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Term
| The total _____ in a parallel circuit is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocals. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rules of series circuits apply to the _____ portion. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rules of parallel circuits apply to the _____ portion. |
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Definition
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Term
| electronic circuits which operate as switches |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ consists of voltage levels that are changing back and forth between HIGH and LOW level or states |
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Definition
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Term
| Most _____ in digital systems are made up of a series of pulses, sometimes referred to as pulse trains, and can be classified as either periodic or non-periodic |
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Definition
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Term
| Periodic waveform in which each interval between pulses (the period) equals the time for one bit |
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Definition
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Term
| The two numbers in the binary systems, 1 and 0, are called bits, which is a combination of the words ___ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The number system whose base is two. It uses only two value, zero and one |
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Definition
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Term
| an electron control valve that has most of the air removed from the glass or metal envelope in which the electrodes are mounted |
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Definition
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Term
| An electronic component that controls the flow of electrons without the use of heated filaments, vacuum spaces or moving parts |
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Definition
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Term
| A two element electrical device and acts as an electron check valve |
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Definition
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Term
| A diode contains a ____ and a cathode |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to the number of electrons in the valence shell and the strong covalent bonds formed when the electrons form a bond in one atom to another, neither ___ or ____ conduct eletricity |
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Definition
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Term
| ___, ____,and____ have only three valence electrons, and when one of these materials are doped with silicon or germanium, there are areas where the covalent bond cannot form due to the shortage of electrons |
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Definition
| boron, indium, and gallium |
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Term
| The _ type and _ type materials are joined either by a junction or a point of contact to form a semiconductor diode |
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Definition
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Term
| Uses a single diode in series with an AC source and a load |
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Definition
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Term
| Contains two diodes that change both halves of an AC cycle into DC (more efficient and produces smoother output) |
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Definition
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Term
| The two diode full wave rectifier produces output voltage through only one half of the secondary (uses 4 diodes which are arranged in a ___ circuit) |
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Definition
| bridge- type rectifier ; bridge |
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Term
| Conducts in the reverse biased condition when a specific voltage is placed across the diode. Is connected in the circuit with the anode connected to the negative terminal, or the reverse biased condition |
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Definition
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Term
| A forward biased diode, electrons cross the junction and fall into holes/ As electrons fall into the valence band, they radiate energy/ Longer life, lower voltage, less heat |
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Definition
| Light Emitting Diode (LED) |
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Term
| The source of high voltage electronic energy, used to produce the spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture inside the cylinder of a reciprocating engine. Is an AC generator with a set of breaker points to interrupt the current the instant the spark is needed |
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Definition
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Term
| A mechanical device consisting of a conductor being turned within a magnetic field, used to produce electricity by electromagnetic induction |
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Definition
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Term
| The force that causes electrons to move from one atom to another within an electrical circuit. The difference in electrical pressure or potential that exists between two points |
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Definition
| EMF (electromotive force) |
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Term
| Extend the thumb, index finger, and the middle finger so they are at right angles to one another. (Thumb for conductor; Index for the magnetic flux; middle for the current flow) |
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Definition
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Term
| A device hat turns mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating coils of wire through a magnetic field. As the conductors in the coils cut across the lines of magnetic flux, a voltage is generated that causes current flow. (rotating coil; stationary field; brushes and commutator) |
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Definition
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Term
| A 3 phase generator with a built in 3 phase, solid state rectifier to change the AC into DC before it leaves the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stationary part of the alternator (stationary armature; made up of coils of wire) |
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Definition
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Term
| The rotating portion is referred to as the ___ (rotating field or magnet; permanent magnet; electromagnet) |
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Definition
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Term
| The electrical law explaining induced current.___ Law states that a current induced in a conductor cut by lines of magnetic flux flows in the direction opposite to that of the current which produced the lines of magnetic flux. |
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Definition
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Term
| The standard unit of inductance. It is the amount of inductance in which a current change of one ampere per second will induce a voltage of one volt |
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Definition
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Term
| The symbol for inductance is the letter ___ and is measured in Henrys |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of turns in a coil, spacing between the turns, and wire size determines what |
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Definition
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Term
| An inductor that filters out certain frequencies |
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Definition
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Term
| When AC with a frequency of 50 to 60 hertz is converted to DC, the output is the form of_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ____ is placed in series with the load, the pulsating current induces a back voltage that smoothes out the pulsations |
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Definition
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Term
| P in electrical calculations- the amount of electrical power used when one ampere of current is forced through an electrical load under a pressure of one volt. |
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Definition
Watt
746 watts of electrical power is equal to one mechanical horsepower |
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Term
| The complete path followed by electrons from the negative terminal of the source of electrical energy, through the electrical load, back to the positive terminal of the source |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of current flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the circuit voltage and inversely proportional to the circuit resistance is what law? |
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Definition
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Term
| The algebraic sum of all voltage drops in any closed circuit is equal to zero is what law? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sum of current flowing away from any point in an electrical circuit is equal to the sum of the current flowing to that point is what law? |
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Definition
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Term
| the ratio of true power to the apparent power is the ___ factor |
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Definition
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Term
| Once impedance is found, you can use Ohm's Law to determine ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| To calculate ___ __, use Ohm's Law to multiple the total current by each value of resistance, capacitive and inductive reactance. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ ____ is the product of the source voltage times the total current |
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Definition
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Term
| The angle whose cosine is the power factor. The cosine of .96 is 16". The current leads to the voltage by 16" |
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Definition
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Term
| The actual AC power in the circuit when phase is taken into account |
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Definition
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Term
| Using the pythagorean theorem, you can determine the length of the ____ or ____ vector |
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Definition
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Term
| In a direct current circuit, a change in voltage causes a proportional change in current |
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Definition
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Term
| The maximum value of current or voltage measured from the zero reference line |
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Definition
Peak Value
- Effective voltage is multiplied by 1.414 |
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Term
| The maximum difference between the peak positive voltage or current, and the peak negative value |
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Definition
peak to peak value
-value measured when using an oscilloscope |
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Term
| An infinite number of instantaneous voltage or current measurements were made for each half cycle of sine wave AC, and an average taken of these values, the average would be 0.637 times the peak value |
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Definition
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Term
| 0.707 times the peak value. The average of the peak value that can be used to determine the amount of effective voltage that is used to calculate the working voltage and current used in an AC circuit. Measured with a voltmeter |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ of an angle is the ratio of the length of the side of a right triangle opposite the angle and the hypotenuse |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of time required for one cycle of events to take place. Aircraft AC having a frequency of 400Hz, has a ____ of 1/400 seconds |
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Definition
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Term
| The AC waveform produced by a rotary generator |
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Definition
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Term
| Sine wave AC has constantly changing, periodically reversing and cyclically repeating a set of values. |
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Definition
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Term
| One half of a cycle, or the positive or negative variation of a cycle of AC |
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Definition
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Term
| AC is generated due to the relationship of ___ and ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Anytime current flows in a conductor, a ___ ____ surrounds the conductor |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ _____ is increased by increasing the strength of the magnetic field, increasing the number of turns of the conductor or by increasing the speed of movement of the conductor through the lines of flux |
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Definition
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Term
Used when a high capacity with a low voltage is required
- Uses a thin dielectric of oxide film in between aluminum foil |
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Definition
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Term
| Changes one of the three factors that determine a capacitors ability to store electrons |
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Definition
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Term
| most radio tuners change the plate area using a rotor made up of thin sheets of aluminum meshed together with a group of fixed plates called stators |
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Definition
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Term
| Large aircraft use variable capacitors to measure the amount of fuel on board |
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Definition
| Fuel Quantity Transmitters |
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Term
| The ____ are made up of two concentric tubes in the tank that extend from top to bottom. The tubes makes up the plates of a capacitor and the fuel acts as the dielectric |
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Definition
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Term
-Uses 28 volts supplied and must step up the voltage
-A step up transformer and a set of points makes up a vibrator for the purpose to step up
-Supplies the stepped up voltage to a storage capacitor |
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Definition
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Term
| A capacitors ability to store an electrical charge is measured in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The basic unit of ____. One farad is the amount of ____ that allows a charge of one coulomb to be stored under the pressure of one volt |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
C- Capacity in Farads
Q- Charge in coulombs
E- Voltage in volts |
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Term
| one ___ is typically too many electrons for practical use, so normally measured in micro___ or as a pico___ |
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Definition
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Term
______ is affected by 3 variables:
1)area of the storage plates
2)separation between the plates
3) composition of the dielectric |
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Definition
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Term
____ store energy in two forms
1) Electrostatic attraction
2) Distortion of the electron orbits within the dielectric material |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ ____ is the frequency where inductive reactance and capacitive reactance are the same |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ _____ is zero when the frequency is zero. However as frequency increases, so does _____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ ____ is infinite when the frequency is zero and decreases as frequency increase |
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Definition
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Term
"i" in electrical calculations
- a measure of electron (current) flow
-one ___ is equal to the flow of one coulomb (6.28 billion billion electrons) past a point in one second
-The amount of current that can be forced through one ohm of resistance by a pressure of one volt. |
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Definition
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Term
"E" in electrical calculations
-The basic unit of electrical pressure
-One volt is the amount of electrical pressure needed to force one amp of current through a resistance of one ohm.
-The amount of electrical pressure drop that occurs when a current of one amp produces one watt of power |
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Definition
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Term
"R" in electrical calculations
- The characteristic of an electrical circuit that opposes the flow of electrons
-When electrons flow through a resistance, power is used, voltage is dropped, and heat is produced.
-Amount of resistance in ohms to produce a one volt drop when one amp of current is flowing through it |
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Definition
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Term
"P" in electrical calculations
-Measured in watts
-The product of the applied voltage and the current in a DC circuit
-The product of the applied voltage and only that portion of the current in phase with the voltage in an AC circuit |
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Definition
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Term
| The negatively charged part of an atom of which all matter is made |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ theory states that electricity moves from a negative source to a positive source. |
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Definition
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Term
-A material with 3 or less valance electrons
-Used to produce electrical ____s
- Gold, silver, aluminum copper
-When an electrical pressure is applied, and electron is forced to move from one atom to the next |
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Definition
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Term
| A force caused by electrons moving from one atom to another |
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Definition
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Term
| A deficiency of electrons is called a ___ ____, and an excess of electrons is called a ____ _____ |
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Definition
| positive charge; negative charge |
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Term
| An imaginary flow of electricity said to go from the positive terminal of an electrical source to it's negative terminal is what theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which symbol points in the direction of current flow in the conventional theory? |
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Definition
| The arrowhead of a semiconductor (diode) symobol |
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