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Aviation History
Aviation History
76
Aviation
Not Applicable
10/13/2009

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Term
Montgolfier Brothers - 1
Definition
June 4, 1783
First Balloon
Used hot air
Term
JAC Charles
Definition
Hydrogen Balloon
August 27, 1783
Envelope made of taffeta and India rubber
Rose 1500 feet and disappeared into clouds
Term
Montgolfier Brothers - 2
Definition
September 19, 1783
Sheep, duck, and rooster
1500 feet
Term
Montgolfier Brothers - 2
Definition
September 19, 1783
Sheep, duck, and rooster
1500 feet
Term
Manned Flight
Definition
October 1783
Ettienne Montgolfier
Tethered Flight
Term
Manned flight - FREE
Definition
November 21, 1783
First manned flight in free balloon
Went aloft in Montgolfier hot air balloon
Term
Manned flight - Charles
Definition
JAC Charles and MN Roberts
December 1, 1783
Flew from Paris to Nestle (17 miles)
Term
Aerostat
Definition
Balloon
Term
Aerostier
Definition
balloonist
Term
Aerostation
Definition
ballooning
Term
January 1784
Definition
6 people in tethered flight
Term
January 1784
Definition
6 people in tethered flight
Term
Who led world in aviation during 18th century?
Definition
France
Term
Military Ballooning
Definition
1793-Napoleon for Republic Army
Observed enemy position
Used against Austrians and Italians
Term
1784 - first manned flight it...
Definition
Ireland, scotland, england, US
Term
Ballooning in the Americas
Definition
Jean-Pierre Blanchard ***
January 9, 1793
First manned free flight
Philadelphia to New Jersey
Term
US Military Use of Balloons
Definition
1860
Civil War
Union Army
Term
Balloon Explaration
Definition
S.A. Andre
North Pole flight
Failed
Lost on White Island
Term
Dirigible is
Definition
an aircraft that can be directed or steered
Term
1st dirigible
Definition
Henri Giffard
September 24, 1852
3hp steam engine
Weighed 350lbs
Flew 17 miles away from Paris
Term
First Roundtrip Flight in Dirigible
Definition
August 9, 1884
Renard and Krebs
5 miles total distance
Chalais-Meudan to Villacoublay and back
Term
Dirigible Promotions
Definition
1901
100,000 Francs
First to fly form St. Cloud to Eiffel Tower and back in less than half an hour
Santos Dumont won
Term
Ferdinand von Zeppelin
Definition
Developed large rigid airship
1900
1900-1917
Retired German Army officer
Term
Zeppelins
Definition
Premier airship
Recognized military need for aircraft:
long range flights, bad weather flying, and could carry arms, crew, and bombs
Term
First Commercial Airline
Definition
Delag
1910 - Zeppelin Airships
Without schedule services or fixed routes;
Competed agains German Express Train;
Average speed: 40 mph
Term
Sir George Cayley
Definition
1804
Recognized aeronautical significance of the kite: wing, fuselage, empennage, rudder, elevator, CG;
Built full size gliders and felew a small boy towed by a rope
Term
Otto Lilienthal
Definition
Built and flew gliders in 1891-1896;
Controlled the glider by swinging his body;
Logged nearly 2000 hours;
Demonstrated man could fly in heavier than air craft;
Crashed and died in 1896
Term
Octave Chanute
Definition
1894-wrote history of progress in "Flying Machines";
Build man carrying gliders in 1896;
Combined Cayley's and Lilienthals's ideas; Visited Wright Brothers at Kill Devil Hill
Term
Wilbur and Orville Wright
Definition
1902 (?) -had almost 1000 flights at Kitty Hawk;
1903-built first aircraft, called it the "flyer"
December 14 - Wilbur crashed
December 17 - Orville flew 120 feet, 20 seconds;
1903-applied for patent (received in 1906);
1904-built new airplane-Flyer No. 2;
1905-built Flyer No. 3;
1908-received contract for US Army Signal Corps for heavier than air machines;
May 1908- Charlie Furnas becamse first passenger in airplane history
Term
Wright Airplanes
Definition
Sold in France and England;
Also trained pilots, civil and military
Term
Santos-Dumont
Definition
(dirigible around Eifel Tower)
November 12, 1906
Made the first officially recognized airplane flight in Europe;
Thought he was the first to fly ever
Term
France-Voisin Freres Company
Definition
built 20 airplanes before WWI (1914)
Term
Britain - Short Brothers
Definition
1908
1909-obtained license to build Wright Airplanes;
Built 6 Wright airplanes
1913-built their own seaplane with folding wings to park on ships
Term
English Channel Crossing
Definition
1909-Latham tried but crashed;
But received first weather info via telegraph;
Later in 1909-flew Bleriot across English Channel-success
Term
Igor Sikorsky
Definition
1908-1910-tried to build 2 helicopters but failed and turned to building airplanes;
1911-qualified for pilot's license
1912-won military flying competition
1913-introduced the four engine "Grand
"-cockpit, cloth seats, 4 engines;
Term
Alexander Graham Bell
Definition
1907
organized teh Aerial Experiment Association to build a practical airplane; Glenn Curtiss was a member
Term
Glenn Curtiss
Definition
2nd only to Wright Brothers;
Designed aicraft: that could takeoff and land on ships, flying boats, and hydroplanes;
Navy purchased 14 pusher seaplanes from him (1911-1914);
Fastest man alive-1907, set speed record at 137 mph;
Father of Naval Aviation
Term
Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
Definition
largest aircraft manufacturer in WWI;
Produced 10,000 aircraft in WWI;
World's largest aviation company;
100 aircraft produced per week
Term
Aero Clubs
Definition
Formed at turn of century;
Recognized international licensing;
Issued pilot certificates;
Promoted Safety
Licenses went to well known aviators
Term
License Requirements
Definition
21 years old;3 solo flights under supervision; demonstrate safe flying skills
Term
Harriet Quimby
Definition
1st woman pilot
Certificate No. 37
1911
Term
Airshows - international
Definition
1909
1st international airshow at Rheims, France; 23 aircraft entered; competed for speed, distance, and duration of flight; records were set and reset
Term
Airshows - American
Definition
1st in US
1910
LA, CA
Term
Hearst Transcontinental Offer
Definition
$50,000;
must be flown in 30 days;
1911;
Cal Rodgers flew Wright Model B;
Took 49 days;
Crashes and repairs;
No prize;
First to fly transcontinental
Term
Daily Mail 1913
Definition
10,000 pounds to cross the Atlantic Ocean
Term
Airplane Engine Productions
Definition
Seguins - cousins of Montgolfier Brothers; 1907; 7 cylinder rotary engine; 165lbs; 50hp
Term
Early Flight Schools
Definition
Manufacturers taught customers how to fly;
Opened flight schools-Bleriot airplane and school;
1914-Britain had 13 civilian flight schools;
Term
Early Airports
Definition
Were just fields;
Huffman Prairie OH-used by Wright Brothers;
Fort Myer, VA-used its fairgrounds;
College Park,MD-1909-Army leased field, built hangars, barracks, telephones, and lights for night flight
Term
Early Navigational Aids
Definition
Aerial Roads-lines of visual aids;
1911-France and Germany published maps;
1911-1st aeronautical weather services;
1911-international laws-specified aeronautical traffic was free, yet subject to regulations by whatever nation is under the airspace
Term
Air Mail
Definition
1911-India
1911-US named Earle L. Ovington became first airmail pilot;
1913-Katherine Stinson-1st female airmail pilot
Term
Commercial Aviation
Definition
1914
St Petersburg to Tampa Airboat Line;
Flew over Tampa Bay;
1 passenger
Term
Military
Definition
More nations added small low-budget military forces;
1907-US established an Aeronautical Division with the Signal Corps;
1911-France led world in aviation-1350 airplanes, 1400 engines, 8000 propellers
Term
World War I - German Airships
Definition
Zeppelins - used as reconassiance and as bombers; very vulnerable
Term
WWI - German Airships
Definition
Airships replaced by airplanes in 1917 but continued using airships on coast;
German Navy lost 53 of 73 airships (389 men); German Army lost 26 of 52 airships (52 men);
Term
WWI-French Airships
Definition
Navy used more than Army - bombing and reconaissance;
lost 37 dirigibles and airships
Term
WWI-British dirigibles and airships
Definition
sea scout-blimp-patrolled coast, spot mines, subs, and enemy vessels;
Largest fleet of lighter than air aircraft;
103 at end of the war
Term
WWI-training
Definition
Germany: 15 flight schools
France: leading country among Allies
Russia: only 50 combat ready aircraft, and less than 100 pilots
Term
WWI Number of aircraft
Definition
US-15
GB-80
Austria-Hungary:110
France:160
Russia:190
Germany:230
Term
Eugene Bullard
Definition
First Black American Military Aviator
Term
WWI-Americans
Definition
flew for Canada, GB, and France (lafayette escadrille)
Term
WWI-Military Aviation Develpments
Definition
1914/1915-used for reconaissance;
Pilots started carrying pistols and shooting at each other;
aerial combat started in 1914 with pivoting maching guns mounted to the airplanes;
Bombing: started by throwing out of airplane;
Communication: dropping message bags, signaling by laps, radios;
Forward Fighting
Term
Raymond Saulnier
Definition
added metal plates to his prop and mounted a machine gun
Term
Richtofen
Definition
Red Baron - shot down 80 planes
Term
1st transatlantic flight
Definition
AC Read and crew;
Airplane-NC4
May 1919
Jumped from ship to ship;
New York to Plymouth England;
Term
Nonstop Transatlantic Flight in 72 hours
Definition
Daily Newspaper offered prize;
Alcock and Brown
1919
Newfoundland to Ireland
Term
Airship Crossing Atlantic
Definition
Britain; 1919; Airship R34; 108 hours; Brain to Long Island, NY
Term
Australia Flight
Definition
1919; Smith Brothers; Flew from London to Darwin, Australia; 235:55:00; Vickers Vimy-bomber
Term
Robert H Goddard
Definition
wanted to research extreme altitudes;
Liquid-fueled rocket;
1926-successfully launched a rocket
Term
Barnstorming
Definition
Curtiss Jenny was plane of choice;
Relatively cheap to buy
Term
Army World Flight
Definition
Flew crew: 8 men; 4 airplanes: Boston, Chicago, New Orleans, and Seattle - Dougls World Cruisers;
Completed in 1924;
four men and 2 aircraft completed the trip;
Took 5 months
Term
Billy Mitchell
Definition
Proponent and critic of military aviation after WWI;
1920-organized aerial mapping of Alaska;
1921-advocated airship development;
1925-wrote 17 page statement for Shenandoah crash-blamed military aviation
Term
Polar Flights
Definition
1926-3 teams raced toward North Pole (2 made it);
Term
Richard Byrd
Definition
1926-flew over north pole
1929-flew over south pole
1st to fly over both
Term
Cyclic Control
Definition
pateras de pescara;
changes the pitch of individual blades of a helicopter during rotation
Term
US Airmail
Definition
started 1918
New York City to Washington;
Term
Jack Knight
Definition
1921
experimental transcontinental airmail service;
33 hours and 20 minutes(record)
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