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From Minnesota 1st flight lessons in 1922 Began barnstorming with friends 1923 – bought a Curtiss Jenny Joined Army Air Service Reserves Received intensive flight training Graduated – commissioned 2nd Lieutenant Released from active duty immediately after graduation |
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Charles Lindbergh and Robertson Aircraft Company |
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Non contract to carry mail St. Louis to Chicago Hired pilots Employed people along the route Lights, fuel trucks April 1925 – first airmail run |
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Charles Lindbergh and Orteig Prize |
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$25,000 New York to Paris – nonstop in an airplane Major city to major city 1927-20 attempts-3 made it-1 received the prize May 20, 1927 started on a rainy morning Reached Paris after 10pm on May 21 33 hours 29 minutes |
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Charles Lindbergh and Goodwill Tours |
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Were to help sell and promote aviation US 1927 tour map (6-10) Washington to Mexico 27 hours 15 minutes |
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a. Wiley Post i. Flew around the world in 1. 1931 – 8 days 2. 1933 – 7 days b. Howard Hughes i. 1938 – 3 days |
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a. Gee-Bee Racer i. 1932 ii. Won Thompson Trophy iii. 297 mph iv. Jimmy Doolittle |
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a. De Havilland b. Piper c. Stinson d. Waco |
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Commercial Aviation and Airliners |
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a. Airmail Act 1926 and 1930 b. Air Commerce Act i. Established 1st government civil aviation office c. Jeppesen i. Developed detailed charts for airports d. Airmail Scandal – February 9, 1934 e. Pan American – started service in 1927 between Key West and Havana |
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a. Elroy B. Jeppesen b. Recorded notes about routes in which he flew i. Let down procedures ii. Emergency places to land c. At the request of other pilots d. Published notes for them to use e. 1934 f. Company still exists |
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a. Largest airship in world b. Crossed South Atlantic 12 times c. Crossed North Atlantic 32 times d. Crash investigation e. FBI investigation i. “most probable cause” ii. Landing ropes brushing transferred static electricity and ignited some hydrogen that escaped from a torn gas bad on the stern |
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a. Early Radios i. 775 of 8000 aircraft in US in 1934 had radios b. 4-course radios i. A and N Morse codes c. Accidents i. 5 airline accidents from 12/1936 to 1/1937 d. Pacific Radios i. Amelia Earhart |
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a. September 1, 1939 b. Germany invades Poland c. Blitzkrieg – lightning warfare i. Using motorized infantry and tanks ii. With the help of fighters and dive bombers |
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a. Fighting slowed due to winter weather b. Grounded many aircraft |
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a. Russia invades Finland b. November 1935 c. Germany started air raids on England in October |
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a. Invasion of Belgium and Holland b. Bombed Belgium, Holland, and France 1940 |
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a. 1st time Germany faced the New English Spitfires (could almost match ME-109s) |
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Mediterranean and Northern Africa |
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a. After winning France, Germans turned toward Britain b. Defense – 700 Hurricanes and Spitfires c. Germans – 1000 fighters, 800 bombers, 300 dive-bombers d. British held off Germans i. Lost 900 planes and 400 airmen ii. Germans lost 1700 planes e. Invasion called off in October, 1940 f. Still bombed Britain |
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a. 1941 b. Permitted US to help supply any nation fighting aggression |
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a. December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor b. Honed in on local radio stations (NDBs) c. Proved could go long distance and bomb efficiently |
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Civilian Pilot Training Act |
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a. Provides US civilians with basic pilot training Civil Air Patrol created in 1941 |
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a. Segregated US Army trained black airmen at Tuskegee Army Air Field in Alabama b. Began with 12 in July, 1941 c. Opened 2nd training facility in Walterboro, SC |
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a. Trained separately b. Flew in female regiments c. Flew in combat 1942-1945 |
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a. Female pilots flew military missions b. No combat c. Ferried planes, cargo, etc |
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a. No single inventor b. Sikorsky i. Built 2 before left Russia ii. Went to US iii. Experimented with the VS-300 prototype iv. Septermber 1939 – made first “hop” v. Merged with United Aircraft Corporation vi. Built over 100 during WWII |
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The Jet Engine - inventors |
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i. Hans von Ohaim – German ii. Frank Whittle – English |
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i. 1930s ii. Demonstrated operating jet in 1939 |
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i. Built flight worthy engine ii. Flown in 1939 |
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Jet Engine technology transfer |
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i. Under attack from Germany ii. British gave technology to US (Brits had no facilities for development) iii. General Electric Company |
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i. Built 3 reliable jet aircraft during war ii. None were operational |
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a. Germans developed, produced, and deployed b. V-1 jet-powered flying bomb (cruise missile) c. V-2 rocket powered |
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a. Radio Direction and Ranging b. British placed into operation in 1939 |
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a. Europe: France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy b. North Africa |
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a. Built by North Americans b. 1942 – British had more than 200 in service |
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a. Largest single-seat airplane in WWII b. “The Jug” |
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a. June 6, 1944 b. Normandy, France c. 100,000 men d. 4,000 ships e. 2,000 fighters f. 1,000 bombers g. Gliders |
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i. 12/7/1941 ii. Japanese surprise attack in Hawaii b. Now fighting 2 fronts and vulnerable by air |
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i. Led squadron of raiders against Tokyo ii. April, 1942 iii. Proved Japanese homeland was vulnerable |
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i. Kamikaze ii. Declining Air Force and resources iii. Suicide missions |
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i. B-29 ii. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 iii. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 iv. Japan surrendered unconditionally 1. September 2, 2945 2. Signed papers in USS Missouri |
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a. ICAO b. IATA – International Air Transport Association c. Bermuda Agreement i. When can fly, prices, rates, frequency of service in airlines ii. Britain and US |
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1. a. 535 airports, built for war b. Civil Aeronautics Administration staffed over 100 airport control towers and 20 airway traffic control centers c. Aviation was #1 industry in US during WWII – dropped to 12th in 1948 d. CAA decentralized e. Phonetic Alphabet |
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a. After WWII – substantial increase in passenger growth b. US leading way in international travel c. Big 5: America, Eastern, Pan Am, TWA, and United d. Grandfather rights i. Same routs as 1938 e. Refer to fleet in i. 1946 – reciprocating engines ii. 1950 – jet engine introduced iii. 1955 – jet engine taken over |
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a. Competed for speed and service i. Accidents slowed some carriers ii. In US New schedules airlines arose – “nonscheds” iii. Feeders developed b. Competition for international routes |
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a. LORAN b. VOR c. DME d. Developed in this time |
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a. De Havilland Comet b. Prototype produced in 1949 i. 1st jetliner in 1952 ii. Crashes Pg 8-23 iii. Grandfather of accident investigation iv. Metal fatigue in windows |
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a. Air France b. Government owned 70% |
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Aeroflot – placed 2nd jetliner into service in 1956 |
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a. US and Soviet Union b. Berlin Airlift – June 1948-September, 1949 c. Operation Vittles d. To West Berlin e. Flew 279,000 missions f. Carried 2 million tons of cargo i. Found aviation can be used to carry cargo |
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a. 500 tons a day b. 300 US, 100 UK airplanes |
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a. 1950-1953 b. North Communist c. South – anti-communist d. War ended in draw e. Transition to jet engine f. DMZ i. Still fly to this day |
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a. WWII ended – Japanese troops in North surrendered to Chinese b. And to the British in the south |
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a. National Aeronautics and Space Act b. Passed in 1958 |
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a. Soviets and US b. Launched 1606 earth satellites during 1957-1974 |
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a. Pioneer – 1958 and 1960 – failed b. Viking I and II – reached Mars in 1976 c. Voyager I and II – flew by Jupiter and Saturn |
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a. Sputnik – 10 satellites were launched b. Mars 3 i. Landed on Red Planet December 2, 1971 |
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a. Sputnik – 10 satellites were launched b. Mars 3 i. Landed on Red Planet December 2, 1971 |
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i. NASA’s first manned space flight ii. John Glenn 1. 1st American to orbit the earth in 1962 |
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i. Moon landings ii. July 20, 1969 iii. Neil Armstrong – 1st steps on the moon iv. 17 missions v. 11-17 reached the moon vi. 12 Americans stepped on moon |
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i. May 14, 1973 ii. 1st space station |
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i. Reusable space truck ii. April 12, 1981 iii. Columbia – 1st launch iv. Challenger 1. 1/28/86 2. O-rings too cold |
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a. Mir b. Soviet Space Station c. Launched 1986 |
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US Aircraft manufacturesr |
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a. Boeing i. 707 – 1958 ii. 747 - 1969 b. McDonnell Douglas i. MD-11 c. Convair d. Lockheed i. L-1011 |
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a. Manufacturers i. Sud – Est – French ii. Soviet Union – Tupolev iii. Britain – Comet iv. Airbus – French, German, Great Britain b. Concorde i. British-French ii. Built in 1968 iii. 1st scheduled flight in 1977 |
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a. 1978 i. Deregulation ii. “competition” |
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Private and general aviation |
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a. Piccard and Jones b. Breitling Orbiter 3 c. Balloon World Flight d. March 1-20, 1999 |
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General Aviaiton in 1990s |
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a. Dead in 1994 b. Build new aircraft c. Use new advances with the aircraft |
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i. Prevent detection ii. Reflect radar iii. Bounce signals inward iv. Radar-absorbing material |
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b. Cruise missiles i. Surface and air launched became very accurate c. Smart bombs d. War heads deliver via precision guidance systems e. UAVs f. Drone Aircraft g. Cold War ended in the 1990s and military focused on the “unknown” enemy |
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i. 1990s – about 100 satellites a year launched ii. Satellites were the main commercial payloads |
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i. China Great Wall Industrial Corporation sold launches ii. 1st US made satellite in 1990 |
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i. Launched in 1986 ii. Brought down in 1999 |
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space exploration - probes and telescopes |
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i. Telescopes and probes relay information about places explorers have yet to venture ii. Hubble Space Telescope 1. Placed in orbit in 1990 iii. Probes 1. Magellan a. Reached Venus in 1990 b. Jupiter in 1995 2. Mars Pathfinder a. Landed on Mars in 1997 3. Cassini a. Launched 1997 en route to Saturn |
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i. February 1, 2003 ii. Insulating foam hitting and putting a hole in the Shuttle’s wing |
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i. X Prize 1. $10 million 2. 1st to make two successfully flights to 100km with a two-week period ii. Burt Rutan (10-58) |
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