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Aviation History2
N/A
79
Aviation
Undergraduate 3
12/01/2009

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Term
Charles Lindbergh
Definition
From Minnesota
1st flight lessons in 1922
Began barnstorming with friends
1923 – bought a Curtiss Jenny
Joined Army Air Service Reserves
Received intensive flight training
Graduated – commissioned 2nd Lieutenant
Released from active duty immediately after graduation
Term
Charles Lindbergh and Robertson Aircraft Company
Definition
Non contract to carry mail
St. Louis to Chicago
Hired pilots
Employed people along the route
Lights, fuel trucks
April 1925 – first airmail run
Term
Charles Lindbergh and Orteig Prize
Definition
$25,000
New York to Paris – nonstop in an airplane
Major city to major city
1927-20 attempts-3 made it-1 received the prize
May 20, 1927
started on a rainy morning
Reached Paris after 10pm on May 21
33 hours 29 minutes
Term
Charles Lindbergh and Goodwill Tours
Definition
Were to help sell and promote aviation
US 1927 tour map (6-10)
Washington to Mexico
27 hours 15 minutes
Term
Round the World
Definition
a. Wiley Post
i. Flew around the world in
1. 1931 – 8 days
2. 1933 – 7 days
b. Howard Hughes
i. 1938 – 3 days
Term
Speed Racers
Definition
a. Gee-Bee Racer
i. 1932
ii. Won Thompson Trophy
iii. 297 mph
iv. Jimmy Doolittle
Term
Light Airplanes
Definition
a. De Havilland
b. Piper
c. Stinson
d. Waco
Term
Commercial Aviation and Airliners
Definition
a. Airmail Act 1926 and 1930
b. Air Commerce Act
i. Established 1st government civil aviation office
c. Jeppesen
i. Developed detailed charts for airports
d. Airmail Scandal – February 9, 1934
e. Pan American – started service in 1927 between Key West and Havana
Term
Jeppesen
Definition
a. Elroy B. Jeppesen
b. Recorded notes about routes in which he flew
i. Let down procedures
ii. Emergency places to land
c. At the request of other pilots
d. Published notes for them to use
e. 1934
f. Company still exists
Term
Hindenburg
Definition
a. Largest airship in world
b. Crossed South Atlantic 12 times
c. Crossed North Atlantic 32 times
d. Crash investigation
e. FBI investigation
i. “most probable cause”
ii. Landing ropes brushing transferred static electricity and ignited some hydrogen that escaped from a torn gas bad on the stern
Term
Radios and Military
Definition
a. Early Radios
i. 775 of 8000 aircraft in US in 1934 had radios
b. 4-course radios
i. A and N Morse codes
c. Accidents
i. 5 airline accidents from 12/1936 to 1/1937
d. Pacific Radios
i. Amelia Earhart
Term
WWII Begins
Definition
a. September 1, 1939
b. Germany invades Poland
c. Blitzkrieg – lightning warfare
i. Using motorized infantry and tanks
ii. With the help of fighters and dive bombers
Term
The Phony War
Definition
a. Fighting slowed due to winter weather
b. Grounded many aircraft
Term
Winter War
Definition
a. Russia invades Finland
b. November 1935
c. Germany started air raids on England in October
Term
The Battle of France
Definition
a. Invasion of Belgium and Holland
b. Bombed Belgium, Holland, and France
1940
Term
Dunkirk
Definition
a. 1st time Germany faced the New English Spitfires (could almost match ME-109s)
Term
Messerschmitt Bf 109s
Definition
German fighters
Term
Fall of France
Definition
June, 1940
Term
Germans sent troops to
Definition
Mediterranean and Northern Africa
Term
Battle of Britain
Definition
a. After winning France, Germans turned toward Britain
b. Defense – 700 Hurricanes and Spitfires
c. Germans – 1000 fighters, 800 bombers, 300 dive-bombers
d. British held off Germans
i. Lost 900 planes and 400 airmen
ii. Germans lost 1700 planes
e. Invasion called off in October, 1940
f. Still bombed Britain
Term
Lend-lease act
Definition
a. 1941
b. Permitted US to help supply any nation fighting aggression
Term
Pacific War
Definition
a. December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor
b. Honed in on local radio stations (NDBs)
c. Proved could go long distance and bomb efficiently
Term
Civilian Pilot Training Act
Definition
a. Provides US civilians with basic pilot training
Civil Air Patrol created in 1941
Term
Tuskegee Airmen
Definition
a. Segregated US Army trained black airmen at Tuskegee Army Air Field in Alabama
b. Began with 12 in July, 1941
c. Opened 2nd training facility in Walterboro, SC
Term
Soviet Women Pilots
Definition
a. Trained separately
b. Flew in female regiments
c. Flew in combat 1942-1945
Term
WASPs and WAVES
Definition
a. Female pilots flew military missions
b. No combat
c. Ferried planes, cargo, etc
Term
Helicopters
Definition
a. No single inventor
b. Sikorsky
i. Built 2 before left Russia
ii. Went to US
iii. Experimented with the VS-300 prototype
iv. Septermber 1939 – made first “hop”
v. Merged with United Aircraft Corporation
vi. Built over 100 during WWII
Term
The Jet Engine - inventors
Definition
i. Hans von Ohaim – German
ii. Frank Whittle – English
Term
Frank Whittle
Definition
i. 1930s
ii. Demonstrated operating jet in 1939
Term
Hans von Ohain
Definition
i. Built flight worthy engine
ii. Flown in 1939
Term
Jet Engine technology transfer
Definition
i. Under attack from Germany
ii. British gave technology to US (Brits had no facilities for development)
iii. General Electric Company
Term
Jet Engine - US
Definition
i. Built 3 reliable jet aircraft during war
ii. None were operational
Term
Vengeance Weapons
Definition
a. Germans developed, produced, and deployed
b. V-1 jet-powered flying bomb (cruise missile)
c. V-2 rocket powered
Term
RAdar
Definition
a. Radio Direction and Ranging
b. British placed into operation in 1939
Term
Western/European Theatre
Definition
a. Europe: France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy
b. North Africa
Term
P-51 Mustang
Definition
a. Built by North Americans
b. 1942 – British had more than 200 in service
Term
P-47 Thunderbolt
Definition
a. Largest single-seat airplane in WWII
b. “The Jug”
Term
D-Day
Definition
a. June 6, 1944
b. Normandy, France
c. 100,000 men
d. 4,000 ships
e. 2,000 fighters
f. 1,000 bombers
g. Gliders
Term
Pearl Harbor
Definition
i. 12/7/1941
ii. Japanese surprise attack in Hawaii
b. Now fighting 2 fronts and vulnerable by air
Term
Doolittle's Raid
Definition
i. Led squadron of raiders against Tokyo
ii. April, 1942
iii. Proved Japanese homeland was vulnerable
Term
Divine Wind
Definition
i. Kamikaze
ii. Declining Air Force and resources
iii. Suicide missions
Term
Atomic Bomb
Definition
i. B-29
ii. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
iii. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
iv. Japan surrendered unconditionally
1. September 2, 2945
2. Signed papers in USS Missouri
Term
Chicago Conference
Definition
a. ICAO
b. IATA – International Air Transport Association
c. Bermuda Agreement
i. When can fly, prices, rates, frequency of service in airlines
ii. Britain and US
Term
Infrastructure
Definition
1.
a. 535 airports, built for war
b. Civil Aeronautics Administration staffed over 100 airport control towers and 20 airway traffic control centers
c. Aviation was #1 industry in US during WWII – dropped to 12th in 1948
d. CAA decentralized
e. Phonetic Alphabet
Term
Commercial Aviation
Definition
a. After WWII – substantial increase in passenger growth
b. US leading way in international travel
c. Big 5: America, Eastern, Pan Am, TWA, and United
d. Grandfather rights
i. Same routs as 1938
e. Refer to fleet in
i. 1946 – reciprocating engines
ii. 1950 – jet engine introduced
iii. 1955 – jet engine taken over
Term
Postwar Competition
Definition
a. Competed for speed and service
i. Accidents slowed some carriers
ii. In US New schedules airlines arose – “nonscheds”
iii. Feeders developed
b. Competition for international routes
Term
Navigation Aids1945-1958
Definition
a. LORAN
b. VOR
c. DME
d. Developed in this time
Term
British Airlines
Definition
a. De Havilland Comet
b. Prototype produced in 1949
i. 1st jetliner in 1952
ii. Crashes Pg 8-23
iii. Grandfather of accident investigation
iv. Metal fatigue in windows
Term
French Airlines
Definition
a. Air France
b. Government owned 70%
Term
Soviet Airlines
Definition
Aeroflot – placed 2nd jetliner into service in 1956
Term
Cold War
Definition
a. US and Soviet Union
b. Berlin Airlift – June 1948-September, 1949
c. Operation Vittles
d. To West Berlin
e. Flew 279,000 missions
f. Carried 2 million tons of cargo
i. Found aviation can be used to carry cargo
Term
Berlin Airlift
Definition
a. 500 tons a day
b. 300 US, 100 UK airplanes
Term
Korean War
Definition
a. 1950-1953
b. North Communist
c. South – anti-communist
d. War ended in draw
e. Transition to jet engine
f. DMZ
i. Still fly to this day
Term
Vietnam
Definition
a. WWII ended – Japanese troops in North surrendered to Chinese
b. And to the British in the south
Term
NASA
Definition
a. National Aeronautics and Space Act
b. Passed in 1958
Term
Early Space Missions
Definition
a. Soviets and US
b. Launched 1606 earth satellites during 1957-1974
Term
US Probes
Definition
a. Pioneer – 1958 and 1960 – failed
b. Viking I and II – reached Mars in 1976
c. Voyager I and II – flew by Jupiter and Saturn
Term
Soviet
Definition
a. Sputnik – 10 satellites were launched
b. Mars 3
i. Landed on Red Planet December 2, 1971
Term
Soveit Space Stuff
Definition
a. Sputnik – 10 satellites were launched
b. Mars 3
i. Landed on Red Planet December 2, 1971
Term
Mercury Project
Definition
i. NASA’s first manned space flight
ii. John Glenn
1. 1st American to orbit the earth in 1962
Term
Apollo Projects
Definition
i. Moon landings
ii. July 20, 1969
iii. Neil Armstrong – 1st steps on the moon
iv. 17 missions
v. 11-17 reached the moon
vi. 12 Americans stepped on moon
Term
Skylab Project
Definition
i. May 14, 1973
ii. 1st space station
Term
Space Shuttle
Definition
i. Reusable space truck
ii. April 12, 1981
iii. Columbia – 1st launch
iv. Challenger
1. 1/28/86
2. O-rings too cold
Term
More Soviets
Definition
a. Mir
b. Soviet Space Station
c. Launched 1986
Term
US Aircraft manufacturesr
Definition
a. Boeing
i. 707 – 1958
ii. 747 - 1969
b. McDonnell Douglas
i. MD-11
c. Convair
d. Lockheed
i. L-1011
Term
European aircraft
Definition
a. Manufacturers
i. Sud – Est – French
ii. Soviet Union – Tupolev
iii. Britain – Comet
iv. Airbus – French, German, Great Britain
b. Concorde
i. British-French
ii. Built in 1968
iii. 1st scheduled flight in 1977
Term
US Aviation Industry
Definition
a. 1978
i. Deregulation
ii. “competition”
Term
Private and general aviation
Definition
Term
The "Last Great First"
Definition
a. Piccard and Jones
b. Breitling Orbiter 3
c. Balloon World Flight
d. March 1-20, 1999
Term
General Aviaiton in 1990s
Definition
a. Dead in 1994
b. Build new aircraft
c. Use new advances with the aircraft
Term
Stealth
Definition
i. Prevent detection
ii. Reflect radar
iii. Bounce signals inward
iv. Radar-absorbing material
Term
Military Aerospace
Definition
b. Cruise missiles
i. Surface and air launched became very accurate
c. Smart bombs
d. War heads deliver via precision guidance systems
e. UAVs
f. Drone Aircraft
g. Cold War ended in the 1990s and military focused on the “unknown” enemy
Term
SE-getting to space
Definition
i. 1990s – about 100 satellites a year launched
ii. Satellites were the main commercial payloads
Term
SE-Chinese
Definition
i. China Great Wall Industrial Corporation sold launches
ii. 1st US made satellite in 1990
Term
SE-MIR
Definition
i. Launched in 1986
ii. Brought down in 1999
Term
SE-ISS
Definition
i. ISS
ii. November 1998
Term
space exploration - probes and telescopes
Definition
i. Telescopes and probes relay information about places explorers have yet to venture
ii. Hubble Space Telescope
1. Placed in orbit in 1990
iii. Probes
1. Magellan
a. Reached Venus in 1990
b. Jupiter in 1995
2. Mars Pathfinder
a. Landed on Mars in 1997
3. Cassini
a. Launched 1997 en route to Saturn
Term
Columbia Accident
Definition
i. February 1, 2003
ii. Insulating foam hitting and putting a hole in the Shuttle’s wing
Term
Commercial Space Flight
Definition
i. X Prize
1. $10 million
2. 1st to make two successfully flights to 100km with a two-week period
ii. Burt Rutan (10-58)
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