Term
What structures make up the following borders of the axilla?
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Anterior |
|
Definition
Posterior - Subscapularis muscle, teres major, latissimus dorsi
Medial - Serratus anterior, 1st-4thribs and the associated intercostal muscles
Lateral - Intertubular groove of the humerus
Anterior - Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor |
|
|
Term
| When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery? |
|
Definition
| When reaches inferior border of the teres major muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 branches of the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
| Superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic |
|
|
Term
| What is the arrangement of the axillary lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| Apical, central, lateral, anterior, posterior |
|
|
Term
| What is the common side effect that can occur after removing the axillary lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| Lymphadema of the arm on the side where the lymph nodes were removed (non-pitting edema of the arm) |
|
|
Term
| What ventral rami form the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Label the divisions of the brachial plexus: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the structure that enters the axilla through the cervicoaxillary canal bound to the axillary blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mnemonic used for the branches of the posterior cord? |
|
Definition
U and L – Upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve
T – Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
R – Radial nerve
A – Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) |
|
|
Term
| What type of palsy is caused by an injury to the superior part of the brachial plexus, and what is the associated clinical picture? |
|
Definition
Erb-Duchenne Palsy: shoulder dystocia
Clinical signs: Waiter’s tip = adducted shoulder, medially rotated arm, extended elbow
Injury to C5 and C6
Weakness of deltoid, biceps, brachialis |
|
|
Term
| What type of palsy is caused by an injury to the inferior part of the brachial plexus, and what is the associated clinical picture? |
|
Definition
Klumpke palsy: C8 and T1 roots
Affect median and ulnar nerve – intrinsic muscles of hand
Claw hand
Extension of metacarpalphalangeal, flexion at interphalangeal joints, sometimes wrist flexion as well |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 branches of the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
| Superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, anterior circumflex, posterior circumflex, subscapular |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the subscapular artery? |
|
Definition
| Circumflex, thoracodorsal |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
| Lateral pectoral, musculocutaneous, median |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
| Median, ulnar, medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial cutaneous |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
| ULTRA – Upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, axillary, radial |
|
|
