Term
| dorsal root function and position? |
|
Definition
sensory (afferent) nerve toward spinal cord
posterior position |
|
|
Term
| ventral root function and position? |
|
Definition
motor (efferent) nerve away from spinal cord
anterior position
innervates lateral and anterior body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innervates intrinsic back muscles |
|
|
Term
ventral ramus innervates?
(4 things) |
|
Definition
upper and lower extremities
anterior and lateral body wall (torso) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accentuated thoracic curvature often a result of osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accentuated lumbar curvature often due to weight gain and/or weakened trunk musculature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebrae- can result from limb length inequalities, asymmetric intrinsic back muscle weakness, and malformation of vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow passage and protection for the spinal nerve and accompanying vessels |
|
|
Term
Zygapophysial Joints
AKA? |
|
Definition
plane-type synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
AKA facet joints |
|
|
Term
| flexion and extension occur primarily in what back regions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral bending occurs mainly in what back regions? |
|
Definition
| cervical (more here) and lumbar |
|
|
Term
| rotation or torsion occurs primarily in what back regions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament, position and function? |
|
Definition
anterior to spinal bodies
unites bodies and prevents hyperextension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects the spinous processes from the sacrum to C7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad strong ligament of the neck that provides attachment for cervical muscles |
|
|
Term
| ligamentum flavum, position and function? |
|
Definition
| yellow, elastic fibers adjoin adjacent lamina of vertebrae- help prevent hyperflexion of vertebral column |
|
|
Term
| superficial, extrinsic back muscles? (4) |
|
Definition
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids |
|
|
Term
intermediate muscles?
aid in? |
|
Definition
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior
aid in respiration |
|
|
Term
| latissimus dorsi, action and innervation? |
|
Definition
extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
innervated by thoracodorsal nerve (ventral rami of C6,7,8) |
|
|
Term
thoracolumbar fascia
position?
what type of muscle/fascia/tendon/ligament is it?
overlays what? |
|
Definition
shiny white fibers in lower back
aponeurosis
overlays intrinsic back muscles, i.e. ILS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevates, rotates medially and retracts the scapula (“shrugs shoulders”)
motor innervation via spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
sensory innervation via cervical nerves C3-C4 |
|
|
Term
| Splenius capitis and cervicis |
|
Definition
extends neck or rotates to one side
innervated by dorsal rami |
|
|
Term
erector spinae complex contains?
innervated by?
action? |
|
Definition
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
innervated by dorsal rami
spine extension/flexion and lateral flexion, |
|
|
Term
transversospinalis position?
innervated by?
three muscle segments (from superficial to intermediate to deepest)? |
|
Definition
from transverse process to spinous process of more superior vertebrae
innervated by dorsal rami
semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tubercle on the superior articular processes of lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central mucoid substance of intervertebral disk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surrounding fibrocartilaginous lamina of intervertebral disk |
|
|
Term
| internal vertebral venous plexus |
|
Definition
in epidural space between wall of vertebral canal and dura mater
route of early metastasis |
|
|
Term
| external vertebral venous plexus |
|
Definition
| consists of anterior portion in front of vertebral column and posterior portion which lies on the vertebral arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
dorsal scapular nerve innervates?
(3)
AKA? |
|
Definition
levator scapulae (also some C4) and rhomboid major/minor
AKA C5 |
|
|
Term
serratus posterior superior/inferior
function?
innervation? |
|
Definition
elevate/depress ribs
intercostal nerves (T1-4 vs. T9-12) |
|
|
Term
| triangle of auscultation? |
|
Definition
| bounded by upper border of lat, lateral border of trap, and medial border of scapula |
|
|
Term
| posterior longitudinal ligament (position and function) |
|
Definition
prevent herniation of the IV disc (slippage), blends with annulus fibrosis
posterior to vertebral body in the canal |
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