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| living things arise from nonliving things |
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Who disproved spontaneous generation? (Folklore) |
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Definition
Redi's experiments with meat- 1. jar open with raw meat, flies in and maggots on meat 2. jar sealed with raw meat, no flieds, no maggots 3. jar with screen, flies and maggots on top Pasteur- developed S shaped flask developed rabies and anthrax vaccines microorganisms trapped in s, boiling water still sterile |
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Definition
.2 micrometers (um) = 500 um 1000 micrometers =1mm |
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Definition
| round or spherical, rarely flagelladed |
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Definition
| rod shaped, many flagelladed |
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Definition
| long, thin, twisted into sprial |
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Definition
pairs of bacteria that stick together after they divide ex. pneumonia, meningitis, gonoherra |
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Term
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Definition
chain-like formation ex. streptococcus-throat, streptobacillis-anthrax |
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Definition
clumps or random arrangement, no order ex. staph infections |
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Definition
| cubelike shape, usually coccus bacteria, mostly 8 cells |
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Term
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Definition
liquid consists of granules of glucogen and or starch -oil globulas, lots of RNA and ribosomes -no nucleus, only a loop of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| made of peptidoglycon(polysaccharide) used for protection |
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Definition
| helps prevent drying out and helps stick to surfaces |
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Definition
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Definition
| similar to capsule, prevents drying out, sticky |
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Definition
| describes how samll particles move around, random motion |
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Term
| temperatures-thermophilic |
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Definition
| 45 degrees C and up, found in compost heaps, hot springs, volcanic vents |
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Term
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Definition
| 20 to 45 degrees C, most of the pathogenic bacteria(body temp) |
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Term
| psycrophilic (cryophilic) |
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Definition
below 15 degrees C, in ice, really cold |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria contains about 8% water |
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Term
Ph of most- acidophilic- halophilic- |
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Definition
ph 7 neutral likes acids likes salts and halogens |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria prefer dark places, UV kills bacteria |
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Term
| food sources (medium) what do we use and what else can be used? |
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Definition
we use nutrient agar and tryptic soy you can use blood agar, lactose, beef extract, NaCl |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
live off dead materials ex. Ecoli in intestine, bacteria of decay |
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Term
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Definition
live off a host (living), some pathogenic not all ex. streptococcus |
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Term
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Definition
harmful, cause disease in another organism ex. staph infections, food poisoning (botulism-toxin from bacteria, used in botox injections) |
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Term
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Definition
| make own food (nutrition) |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that use sulfur/iron ions for nutrition-cyanobacteria or decompose proteins (NO2),bacteria of decay |
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Term
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Definition
| contain chlorophyll-found in vescles of cell membrane, no chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
use oxygen for respiration ex. salomonella-intestinal ailment tuberculosis-lungs |
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Definition
doesn't use oxygen for respiration ex. chestbetanism, botulinum- improperly canned foods |
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Term
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Definition
can grow with or w/o o2 ex. listeria-intestinal staphylococcus coryunebacterium-nonpathogenicic, on skin |
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Term
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Definition
no o2 needed produces alcohol and co2 or lactic acid ex. lactobacillus-make lactic acid acetobacter-acetic acid (yogurt) |
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Term
bacterial reproduction division by: |
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Definition
binary fission -splitting into 2 equal parts conjugation -(DNA from one bacteria is tranferred to another) |
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Term
| bacterial reproduction genetics of |
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Definition
| no junk DNA, no true nucleus, very few organelles |
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Term
| bacteria transformation/plasmids |
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Definition
explains how changes in DNA can occur in bacteria plasmid(section of DNA) - a cytoplasm bridge forms between 2 bacteria nad a plasmid from one bacteria moves across to other bacteria |
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Term
resistance of antibiotics natural resistance- acquired resistance- |
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Definition
-bacteria are born with the genes for the certain immunity -plasmid-bacteria tranformation, mutation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| natural or synthetic substance that kills bacteria |
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Term
what determines if bacteria are resistance or not? ex... |
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Definition
if they lack the target structure the antibiotics are designed to wreck ex. cephalosporis-(penicilin) a fungus disrupts the synthesis of petitidoglycon(polysaccharide)in cell wall of bacteria -polymyxins(bacillus)-increase permeability of cell membrane -bioxin-prevents DNA replication -sulpha-interfere with folic acid, enzyme needed in key reactions -neomycin, streptomycin-prevents RNA synthesis (can't reproduce) -tetracycline-prevents tRNA from binding to ribosomes, prevents protein synthesis |
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Term
how bacteria enter body a b c |
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Definition
a. ingestion-in the mucus of your intestine ex. chlorea, typhoid, dysentary b. inhalation-"droplet" infects respiratory tract ex. pnemonia, strept, whooping cough, anthrax, TB c. skin wound/contact-wounds surgery ex. rabies, the plague |
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Term
| bacteriophage def and steps |
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Definition
virus that attacks bacteria or makes them pathogenic 1. attaches to bacteria 2. enzymes eat hole in cell wall 3. injects DNA or RNA into host 4. multiple copies made 5. bacteria dies, virus multiplies ex. diptheria-harmless until bacteriophage injects toxin |
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Term
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Definition
small, not a cell protein coat over RNA/DNA no kingdom needs a host pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
cell, cell wall& membrane, larger has DNA/RNA (more) Monera kingdom can live on their own not all are pathogenic antibiotics work |
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Term
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Definition
| antibiotics, flaming, autoclave(steam and pressure), gamma radiation, boil water, filtration |
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Term
uses for bacteria ecoli- veggies- animals- pharmaceuticals- |
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Definition
-cripple it genetically so can live outside lab -bacteria in soil fix nitrogen for plants, take nitrogen from atmosphere and convert to nitrites -symbiosis between bacteria and ruminants (chew grass) bacteria digest plant material -streptomyces-bacteria used in making of antibiotics-testing purposes , use bacteria to prodcue insulin, HGH, interferom |
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