Term
| Name the three mechanisms that bacteria use to adapt to changing environments: |
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Definition
1.) mutation
2.) gene transfer
3.) regulation of gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
| stable heritable changes in the base sequence of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
1.) base substitutions
2.) removal or addition of nucleotides
3.) transposable elements |
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Term
| what is the most common type of spontaneous mutation? |
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Definition
| base substitution! results from mistakes during DNA synthesis. Incorrect base is incorporated into DNA :( |
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Term
| What is the name for the mutatation when one base pair is changed? |
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Definition
| A POINT MUTATION is when one base pair is changed. |
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Term
| a mutation occuring from amino acid substitution is called a... |
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Definition
MISSENSE MUTATION
-->this is dumb, but (think: double letter "s": mi-SS-ense; double letter "a" A.A.= amino acid). it's a stretch, I know. |
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Term
| what is the name of a mutation that changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon? |
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Definition
| a NONSENSE mutation. NON=no longer shall this continue, we must stop. non-progress. non-pass go. do non- collect 500 dollars. |
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Term
| what happens in a FRAMESHIFT mutation? |
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Definition
| affects all amino acids downstream from an addition or deletion. |
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Term
| mutations frequently cause premature......... |
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Definition
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Term
| what are TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS? |
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Definition
| Special segments of DNA that move spontaneously from gene to gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| disrupt proper function of gene. Gene or gene product generally non functional. |
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Term
| Mutations are essential for understanding genetics. Mutations can be INTENTIONALLY produced to demonstrate __________ of particular gene or set of genes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three ways mutations can be induced? |
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Definition
1.) chemical mutagens
2.) transposition
3.) radiaiton |
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Term
| what's the deal with nitrous acid? |
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Definition
| converts amino group to a keto group (cytosine to uracil) |
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Term
| What are three signs that Travis is sleeping? |
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Definition
1.) bobble-head like characterists, with intermittent periods of extreme stillness
2.) purring slightly while hand absent-mindedly caresses LA TIGRE
3.) mouth gaping open so wide one might be tempted to toss in a shoe-like projectile or three fists or a large rabbit. |
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Term
| What is the largest group of mutagens? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a common alkylating agent preeze. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for a common procedure used to induce mutation in laboratories? |
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Definition
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Term
| A gene that recieves transposon will undergo a knockout mutation, known as a... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of radiation and what do they cause? |
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Definition
UV light- causes covalent bonding between adjacent thymine bases.
X-rays-causes breaks and alterations in DNA |
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