Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Basic Soil Science Midterm Study Guide
that
80
Other
Undergraduate 3
09/20/2012

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does science do?
Definition
Search for a description of the physical universe
Term
What do green plants use that soil provides?
Definition
Mechanical support, water, and mineral nutrients
Term
Regolith
Definition
Unconsolidated debris on top of bedrock
Term
Soil
Definition
the upper and biochemically weathered portion of the regolith
Term
2 meters
Definition
maximum depth of soil
Term
Organic soil percent organic matter
Definition
80-95
Term
Mineral soil percent organic matter
Definition
1-6
Term
Order of master soil horizons
Definition
OAEBCR
Term
O
Definition
organic horizon of a mineral
Term
A
Definition
mineral surface soil horizon with organic matter accumulation
Term
E
Definition
light coloured mineral horizon with removal of minerals - mostly found under conifer forests - ME and FL
Term
B
Definition
mineral horizon with accumulation of weathering products
Term
C
Definition
mineral horizon which is weathered but outside the area of major biological activity
Term
R
Definition
Bedrock
Term
solum
Definition
true soil
Term
top soil
Definition
OAE
Term
Subsoil
Definition
B
Term
Substratum
Definition
C
Term
Transported soils
Definition
parent material was brought from somewhere else
Term
Residual soils
Definition
Stays where it weathers
Term
pedon
Definition
three-dimensional body that contains the minimum volume of earth necessary to contain all the properties of a soil
Term
Volume composition of soil
Definition
50% liquids and gases, 50% solids
Term
Secondary minerals (because they are electrically charged
Definition
Storage area for mineral nutrient ions
Term
Soil organic matter
Definition
the original tissue, partly decomposed tissue, humus
Term
organic matter
Definition
causes granulation of mineral particles, stores mineral nutrients needed by plants, increases available water holding capacity, is a source of energy for microorganisms
Term
dissolved in water
Definition
mineral nutrients must be what to be taken up by roots
Term
high
Definition
What is the humidity like in soil?
Term
high in CO2, low in O2 - because microorganisms respire
Definition
The soil's air is mostly what, and why
Term
parent material, climate, living organisms, topography, time
Definition
Soil formation depends on
Term
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Definition
order of earth layers
Term
continental crust
Definition
sial
Term
oceanic crust
Definition
sima
Term
aluminum and iron silicates
Definition
Crust composition
Term
magnesium and iron silicates
Definition
mantle composition
Term
iron and nickel alloy
Definition
core composition
Term
lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, inner core
Definition
order of earth layers
Term
floating of lithosphere on asthenosphere
Definition
isostacy
Term
water turning to ice in joints and spreading the rock
Definition
frost action
Term
cracked, domed surface
Definition
exfoliation dome
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
decomposition
Term
higher temperatures
Definition
chemical weathering is faster with what temperatures
Term
electromagnetic radiation
Definition
can travel through a vaccuum (space)
Term
conduction
Definition
transfer of heat by molecular activity, only method of heat transfer in rigid solids
Term
convection
Definition
transfer of heat by movement of material from one place to another
Term
infrared radiation
Definition
greenhouse effect's form
Term
is more spread out, and less intense
Definition
as latitude increases, solar energy
Term
Coriolis effect
Definition
deflective force of the earth's rotation
Term
eon, era, period, epoch
Definition
Time scale
Term
Quick Terry Could Jump That
Definition
Paul Can Devour Six Oreo Cookies
Term
wheat, pea, olive, cattle, sheep, goat
Definition
Fertile crescent
Term
rice, millet, pig, silkworm
Definition
China
Term
corn, beans, squash, turkey
Definition
Mesoamerica
Term
potato, manioc, llama, guinea pig
Definition
Andes and Amazonia
Term
sunflower, goosefoot, no animals
Definition
US
Term
sorghum, african rice, guinea fowl
Definition
Sahel (Africa)
Term
African yams, oil palm, no animals
Definition
Tropical West Africa
Term
coffee, teff, no animals
Definition
Ethiopia
Term
sugar cane, banana, no animals
Definition
New Guinea *** NO PROTEIN
Term
100 years
Definition
how long it takes to form 1 inch of soil
Term
Entisols
Definition
simple soils with no subsoil diagnostic horizons
Term
Inceptisols
Definition
soils with minimum development, little or no subsoil clay accumulation
Term
Aridisols
Definition
soils of hot dry regions (not leached)
Term
Vertisols
Definition
no subsoil diagnostic horizons, much clay (self-mixing, crack when dry)
Term
Mollisols
Definition
thick, soft, dark mineral soils of grasslands (midwest)
Term
Alfisols
Definition
subsoil accumulation of clay, not strongly leached
Term
Spodosols
Definition
subsoil accumulation of iron and organic matter (FL and ME)
Term
Ultisols
Definition
subsoil accumulation of clay, strongly leached (acid, infertile)
Term
Oxisols
Definition
extreme leaching
Term
Histosols
Definition
dark, organic, little mineral matter (drained peat bogs)
Term
Andisols
Definition
mineral soils formed on volcanic ash parent material
Term
Gelisols
Definition
soils that have permafrost
Term
Hue
Definition
relation to primary colors
Term
value
Definition
lightness
Term
chroma
Definition
strength
Term
gley
Definition
reduced soils with poor aeration and or high water table
Term
glauconite
Definition
green mineral
Term
spheroidal
Definition
common in A horizons
Term
plate-like
Definition
common in E horizons
Term
block-like
Definition
common in B horizons of humid regions
Term
prism-like
Definition
common in B of arid and semi-arid regions
Supporting users have an ad free experience!