Term
| Components of the HEENT PE |
|
Definition
1. Head
2. Eyes
3. Ears
4. Nose
5. Mouth/Throat/Neck |
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: External eye |
|
Definition
| eyebrow, eyelid, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctivae, sclera, cornea (anterior chamber), lens, pupils. Funduscopic: retina, optic disc, macula densa, blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: External ear |
|
Definition
| anterior/posterior auricle, pre/post aurilcular areas, pinna, tragus, external canal |
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Middle ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Frontal/maxillary sinuses |
|
Definition
| forehead above and between the eyes, below the eyes |
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Mouth and Pharynx |
|
Definition
| lips, buccal mucosa, teeth, gingiva, tongue, palate, tonsils, pharynx, uvula |
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Nodes of head and neck |
|
Definition
| pre/post auricular, occipital, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, anterior/posterior cervical, supraclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Lymphatic drainage of head and neck |
|
Definition
| tonsillar, submandibular, submental nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drooping of the upper eyelid from paralysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eversion of the edge of the eyelid (usually lower lid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inversion of the edge of an eyelid (usually lower lid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva on the inner and outer margins of the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an acutely infected bump on the eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the subconjunctival layers of the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal dilation of the pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| optic axes can't be directed to the same object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a yellow lipid righ plaque present on the skin, usually on the eyelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a benign granulomatous lesion similar to a sebaceous cyst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal contraction of the pupil possibly due to irritation of the oculomotor system or paralysis of dilators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inequality of the size of the pupils |
|
|
Term
| Define Argyll Robertson pupils |
|
Definition
| light reflex is absent - common in paralysis and syphilis |
|
|
Term
| Define Marcus Gunn pupils |
|
Definition
| congential condition in which drooping eyelid retracts briefly when mouth is opened - Person appears to wink each time the jaw is opened |
|
|
Term
| Define oculomotor nerve paralysis |
|
Definition
| dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of the upper eyelid and lateral deviation is almost always present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the lacrimal sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal anterior protrusion of the eyeball. |
|
|
Term
Describe the following eye test:
Direct and consensual response |
|
Definition
| pupilary response to light |
|
|
Term
Describe the following eye test:
Near reaction |
|
Definition
| pupillary constriction associated with a near vision effort (accomadation and convergence) |
|
|
Term
Describe the following eye test:
Tests for weakness or imbalance of the extraocular muscles |
|
Definition
| H patter and star pattern asseses cranial nerves 3,4, and 6 function |
|
|
Term
Describe the following eye test:
Nystagmus |
|
Definition
| a fine rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. A few beats of nystagmus on extreme lateral gaze are normal |
|
|
Term
Describe the following eye test:
Lid lag |
|
Definition
| as the eyes move from up to down |
|
|
Term
Pathological significance of:
Yellow sclera (icterus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pathological significance of:
Pale palpebral conjunctiva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea:
corneal arcus |
|
Definition
| aka arcus senilis - an eye condition characterized by the formation of a ring around the edge of the cornea - BILATERALLY |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea: Corneal scar |
|
Definition
| an injury of the cornea that causes opacity and visual impairement. Effects range from blurring to blindness |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea: Pterygium |
|
Definition
| triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctivae extending from the inner canthus to the border of the cornea with the apex towards the pupil |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea: Cataracts |
|
Definition
| an opacity of the lens of the eye usually occurring as a result of aging, trauma, endocrine or metabolic diseases. |
|
|
Term
Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:
Conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| Pt has itching, tearing, burning, pain, and a mucopurulent discharge, along with a foreign body sensation in the eye. Highly contagious |
|
|
Term
Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:
Corneal injury |
|
Definition
| complains of eye pain and an inability to open the eye because f foreign body sensation. |
|
|
Term
Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:
Glaucoma |
|
Definition
acute = ciliary injection accompanied by severe aching deep pain w/ decreased vision
chronic = increased cupping in the eye |
|
|
Term
Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:
Iritis |
|
Definition
| Ciliary injection with moderate, deep, aching pain. Decreased vision, small and irregular pupil, clear or slightly clouded pupil |
|
|
Term
| Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding: Subconjunctival hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| Leakage of blood outside of the vesseld, producing a red spot that fades over days to yellow and then disappears. NO PAIN and pupil not affected. |
|
|
Term
| What does visual acuity test evaluate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evaluates CNs 3, 4, and 6 |
|
|
Term
| What does confrontation of visual fields evaluate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify 2 clinical conditions associated with exopthalmos. |
|
Definition
| Grave's disease, leukemia, aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| Describe normal parts/findings of funduscopic exam. |
|
Definition
| Red reflex. Optic disc. Physiologic cup. Arterioles. Veins. Macula. Fovea. |
|
|
Term
Explain the clinical significance of the following:
Blurring of the disc outline on the nasal side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the clinical significance of the following:
Rings and crescents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the clinical significance of the following:
Normal vs. enlarged size of central physiologic cup |
|
Definition
| Enlargement may indicate glaucoma |
|
|
Term
Explain the clinical significance of the following:
Difference between arterioles and veins in the eye |
|
Definition
| Arteriol walls are transparent normally. A vein crossing underneath the artery can be seen right up to the column of blood on either side. |
|
|
Term
Explain the clinical significance of the following:
absent red reflex |
|
Definition
| Suggests an opacity of the lens (cataracts). Less comonly, a detached retina, or in children a retinoblastoma |
|
|
Term
Explain the clinical significance of the following:
AV nicking |
|
Definition
| Common in hypertensive retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| Describe normal appearance and variations of the optic disc. |
|
Definition
Color: yellowish orange to creamy pink
Disc vessles: tiny with sharp margins |
|
|
Term
| Identify the findings of papilledema. |
|
Definition
| Papilledema - engorgement and swelling |
|
|
Term
| Identify the findings of glaucomatous cupping. |
|
Definition
| Increased pressure leads to increased cupping and atrophy. The base of the enlarged cup is pale. |
|
|
Term
Which disease is associated with:
Superficial retinal hemorrhages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which clinical findings are associated with:
Deep retinal hemorrhages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which clinical findings are associated with:
Preretinal hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which clinical findings are associated with:
Microaneurysms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which clinical findings are associated with:
Neovascularization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the cause of:
Cotton wool patches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the cause of:
Hard exudates |
|
Definition
| Diabetic and Hypertensive retinopathy |
|
|
Term
What is the cause of:
Drusen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What retinal changes occur with ageing? |
|
Definition
Decline in visual function
Decreased visual acuity
Decreased constrast sensitivity
Decreased photoreceptors
Decreased ganglion cells and optic nerve axons |
|
|
Term
Describe the PE dindings associated with:
Normal ear drum |
|
Definition
| pinkish gray or pearly pray |
|
|
Term
Describe the PE dindings associated with:
Tympanosclerosis |
|
Definition
| large chalky white patch with irregular margins |
|
|
Term
Describe the PE dindings associated with:
Perforation of the eardrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the PE findings associated with:
Serous effusion |
|
Definition
| Amber fluid behind the TM. Air bubbles visible. |
|
|
Term
Describe the PE findings associated with:
Acute Otitis media |
|
Definition
| TM is red, loses its landmarks, and bulges laterally |
|
|
Term
Describe the PE findings associated with:
Bullous myringitis |
|
Definition
| TM is redenned and landmarks are not visible. Hemorrhagic vesicles are characteristic |
|
|
Term
PE findiings in:
Otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PE findings in:
Otitis externa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PE findings in:
Serous effusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PE findings in:
Eustachian tube dysfunction |
|
Definition
| Retracted TM, effusion, decreased TM mobility |
|
|
Term
PE findings with:
Squamous cell carcinoma of the ear |
|
Definition
| sharply defines, red, scaling plaques - may ulcerate |
|
|
Term
PE findings with:
Basal cell carcinoma of the ear |
|
Definition
| raised nodule with lustrous surface and telangietic vessels |
|
|
Term
| PE findings of conductive hearing loss |
|
Definition
Weber: sound lateralizes to BAD ear
Rinne: BC greater than or equal to AC |
|
|
Term
| PE findings of sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
Weber: sounds lateralizes to GOOD ear
Rinne: AC greater than or equal to BC |
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with pharyngitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with exudative tonsillitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with Candidiasis |
|
Definition
| recent antibiotic use or HIV |
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with Kaposi's sarcoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with Fordyce spots |
|
Definition
| Normal sebaceous glands that can appear on buccal mucosa or lips |
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with Leukoplakia |
|
Definition
| Secondary to frequent tobacco chewing |
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with Herpes simplex |
|
Definition
| recurrent and painful vesicular eruption of the lips and surrounding skin |
|
|
Term
| Findings associated with Cheilitis |
|
Definition
| scaly somewhat thickened and slightly everted lips - primarily in the lower lip and sides |
|
|
Term
6 characteristics in describing lymph nodes are:
|
|
Definition
1. Size
2. Shape
3. Delimitation (discrete or matted together)
4. Mobility
5. Consistency
6. Tenderness |
|
|
Term
| What does a tender node suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a hard or fixed node suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a multinodular thyroid suggest? |
|
Definition
| An enlarged thyroid gland with two or more nodules suggests a metabolic rather than neoplastic process. |
|
|
