Term
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Definition
| the process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, therefore the frequency of the behavior is decreased in the future |
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Term
| extinction for positively reinforced behavior |
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Definition
| the reinforcer that has increased the rate of behavior in the past, is now being withheld, therefore decreasing the rate/chance of the behavior in the future |
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Term
| extinction for negatively reinforced behavior |
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Definition
| the aversive stimulus persists when previously reinforced behavior occurs (no more reinforcement of escape or avoidance) |
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Term
| extinction burst (characteristic extinction effects) |
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Definition
| initial and temporary increases in responding at the outset of extinction / increases in frequency, intensity or duration |
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Term
| response variation (characteristic extinction effects) |
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Definition
| slight changes in the previously reinforced response topography |
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Term
| emotional behavior (characteristic extinction effects) |
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Definition
| sometimes including aggression |
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Term
| spontaneous recovery (characteristic extinction effects) |
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Definition
| temporary reappearance of a response following extinction |
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Term
factors influencing the effectiveness of extinction:
schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
intermittent vs. continuous
intermittent schedules MORE resistant to extinction |
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Term
factors influencing the effectiveness of extinction:
integrity of the procedure |
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Definition
-withholding ACTUAL reinforcer?
-other reinforcement available?
-consistency of extinction |
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Term
factors influencing the effectiveness of extinction:
setting in which extinction is implemented |
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Definition
| extinction must be in effect across all settings in order to work |
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Term
factors influencing the effectiveness of extinction
combination with other procedures |
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Definition
| reinforcement for alternative behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest and most direct method of response extinction |
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Term
| disadvantages of extinction |
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Definition
-some reinforcers difficult to identify or terminate
-possible slow acting
-potential side effects
-does not directly establish an alternate response |
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Term
| differential reinforcement |
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Definition
| one or more responses is reinforced while another response is extinguished |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) |
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Definition
| providing a reinforcer for the absence of a target response. A reinforcer is delivered if a specified time elapses without a response. |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of alternate behavior (DRA) |
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Definition
a reinforcer is withheld contingent on a target response and the reinforcer is delievered contingent on some alternative response
ex:child received reinforcer for saying "please" while tantrums are on EXT |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) |
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Definition
a form or subcategory or DRA in which the alternative response is physically incompatible with the target response
ex: sitting in chair is reinforced while running around the room is on EXT |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of low rate behavior (DRL) |
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Definition
a response is reinforced ONLY if it's preceded by a minimum time without a response, use when target behavior is appropriate, but occurs too frequently
ex: slowing rapid eating |
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Term
| differential reinforcement of high rate behavior (DRH) |
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Definition
| a ratio schedule in which the ratio must be completed within a specified amount of time, use when target behavior is appropriate and occurring, but not frequently enough |
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Term
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Definition
-set initial DRO interval at value lower than mean IRT from baseline
-increase DRO interval using one of the following methods: fixed, proportional, or IRT adjusting
-typically use reinforcer maintaining problem behavior |
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Term
increasing DRO intervals
fixed |
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Definition
| increase interval in fixed increments |
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Term
increasing DRO intervals
proportional |
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Definition
| increase interval in fixed proportions (ex: increase interval by 20%) |
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Term
increasing DRO intervals
IRT adjusting |
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Definition
| interval increases with increases in IRT |
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Term
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Definition
-begin with a response already in the individual's repertoire
-once the response is occurring reliably, gradually require a response that is similar to one you may want to occur in natural situations
-fade schedule of reinforcement using interval schedules
-usually use reinforcer maintaining problem behavior (but note negative side effects in doing this) |
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Term
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Definition
responses that occur BEFORE the specified time RESET the interval.
DRL reinforces LONG IRT's |
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