what is abnormal behavior?

Five Factors

• statistical infrequency
• unexpectedness
• violation of norm
• personal distress
• dysfunction

Biopsychosocial Case Formulation:

Biological

• genetics (family- pre-disposed)
• neurotransmitters
• substances/ Medication
• medical disorders

Biopsychosocial Case Formulation:

Psychological

• Distal: life events prior to teh recent stressor
• Proximal: recent stressors

Biopsychosocial Case Formulation:

Social/cultural

• social support
• immigration
• cultural/subculture (integration inclusion, biases/ prejudice
• generational differences

• the belief that an evil spirit can enter a person and cause mental or medical illness

• dates back 8000 years
• evidence: trephination

• (500 b.c - 200 a.d)
• result of biological disorders in the brain

• developed by hippocrates
• first somatic theory of mental/ medical illness
• imbalance of fluids causes mental/ medical illness
• invalid thoery

• (300 a.d - 1500 a.d)
• devil can enter people to cause medical illness
• young women and person with mental illness where most often accused of witchcraft.

• warehouses the mentally ill, developmentally disabled, and physically impaired
• begain in the early 1300's

• overcrowding lead to chaotic conditions
• overcrowdind lead to heightened emotionality, lead to need for restraint, lead to urine and feces, lead to fatal diseases.
• EX: St. mary of bethlehem: England, 1400's

• novel treatments...
• psych history
• hygiene
• recreation (excersize)
• occupational therapy (tiling soil gives purpose)

• reform in the 18th century france.
• Philippe Pinel was mistakenly given credit for the begining the movement to release the mentally ill of france from their chains.
• Pussin, a colleague of Pinel's, initiated the movement to realease the menatlly ill of france fromt hier chains

• English Quaker
• "God is in all people", (invested time in good treatment.
• Moral treatment:
• Components: prayer, reflection, excersize, attention and caring.
• results=reduced needs for restraints, improved functioning in patients

• father of american phsychiatry
• authored the first american psychiatric text in 1812.
• also known for perverse treatments:
• EX: cold water baths, spinning, scaring

• successful advocatefor mentally ill persons.
• made general public aware of the terrible conditions in the asylums.
• spoke before congress: moral treatment as solution.
• congress allocates funds for the state hospital system
• reduced media attention-> funds dry up->overcrowding and understaffing-> return to chaotic conditions

• brain-behavior relations.
• abnormal behavior is not random
• Dementia Praecox (schizophrenia)
• manic depression (bipolar disorder)

• Theory of "Animal Magnetism"/ "Magnetic Fields"
•  Cured hives, back pain, and conversio hysteria.
• -power of suggestion
• -unconscious process impact on behavior.

• Frustrated Neurologist
• began to concentrate on a new area of study: unconscious processes.

• bringing unconscious into conscious awareness promotes symtom reduction and emotional health
• techniques for accessing unconsious: hynosis, free association, dream analysis

• prior to the development of the first Antipsychotic (EX: Thorazine), many crude strategies were used to control behavior.
• EX: frontal lobotamy, ectroconvulsive therapy, straight jackets, wet bed sheets

• forces:
• antipsycholtics making pts more functional
• negative media attention about psych hospitals

• allocated money away from state hospitals and to community mental health centers.
• loss of media attention->money dry up-.understaffed mental health centers-. thousands of mentally ill persons recieve little or no treatment, or treated in the prison system.

• duration/ permanence
• ignorance/ unfamiliarity
• immorality (associated with)
• death of violence
• contagiousness