Term
| What are the two types of behavioral problems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are obedience problems? |
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Definition
| -"normal" dogs that misbehave |
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Term
| True or False: Poor obedience is the primary cause of behavioral problems. |
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Definition
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Term
| Estimated that __% of your patients are lost each year due to behavioral problems. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ million is spent on treating human injuries inflicted by animals. Insurance costs due to dog bits ay exceed __ billion annually. |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how many dogs in the US are euthanized every year? What is the number one reason? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately what percent of clients have concerns about their pets behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 components of the lymbic system? |
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Definition
-cyngulate gyri
-dentate gyri
-hippocampus
-parahippocampal gyri
-subcallosal gyri |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps of problem solving? |
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Definition
-ID problem
-differentials
-evaluate causes
-eliminate causes
-reevaluate problem |
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Term
| What is the most important part of a history for a behavior issue? |
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Definition
| -ALL who routinely interact with the animal should be present |
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Term
| Name a few of the components of a history. |
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Definition
-why are you asking?
-guilt?
-determine primary caretaker
-normal routine
-other pets
-eating/feeding behaviors
-urination/defecation
-activity when left alone
-sleeping habits
-area
-medical history
-history of average day
-frequency of issue
-past owners and treatments
-anything else |
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Term
| What are few of the components in prevention of behavioral issues? |
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Definition
-breeding programs
-owner/animal suitability
-temperment testing
-socialization
-client education
-early detection and intervention |
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Term
| The dog is thought to be derived from the wolf. What are a few differences? Similarities? |
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Definition
-Differences: inc docility and adaptability
-Similarities: physical features |
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Term
| What are the 4 classic roles of the dog? |
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Definition
| -food, clothing, shelter, and transportation |
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Term
| What are a few of the expanded roles of the dog? |
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Definition
-companionship and service
-research and extension of our senses |
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Term
| Discuss the shared aspects of the dog's social system. |
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Definition
-extended maternal care
-sexually mature before socially mature
-extensive verbal and non-verbal communication
-fluid hierarchy based on deference |
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Term
| Outline the 5 stages of canine development |
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Definition
-Neonatal stage: birth too 13 d
-Transitional: 13--19d
-Socialization: 19d-12w
-Juvenile: 12w-sexual maturity
-Adult: beyond sexual maturity |
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Term
| At what age does a dog reach social maturity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Outline the socialization age of dogs. There are three important divisions. |
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Definition
-3-8w: interaction with other dogs
-5-7w: interaction with people
-10-20w: exploring novel environments |
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Term
| Describe the way a dog communicates. |
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Definition
-sight: body language
-sound
-smell |
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Term
| What are the different kinds of communicative sounds a dog makes? |
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Definition
-infantile: whine, whimper, cry
-warning: bark, growl
-eliciting: howl
-withdrawal: yelp
-pleasure: moan |
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Term
| If a dog decreases distance, what does it mean? Increases? |
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Definition
-Decreases = submissive
-Increases = aggressive |
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Term
| What 5 points on a dog suggest body language? |
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Definition
-position of ears
-position of the lips and mouth
-eye contact
-tail position
-piloerection |
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Term
| What was the domestic cat derived from? |
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Definition
| -Felis ibyca, the Kaffir cat |
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Term
| Who originally domesticated the cat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Sensitive periods |
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Definition
| -age range during which a young animal is most responsive to stimuli |
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Term
| When should cats be socialized to humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do genetics play a role in feline behavior? |
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Definition
-offspring of friendly cats are more likely to be friendly and vice versa
-born with the capacity to learn social skills but not born with the skills themselves |
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Term
| True or False: Mother-kitten relationship is vital for normal development of inter-cat social skills. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do cats have a low or high degree of observational learning? |
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Definition
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Term
| It is recommended that kittens remain with mother and littermates until __ weeks of age. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the temporal progression of play in a kitten. |
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Definition
-explorative play begins during first 7 weeks
-social play begins at 3w and peaks around 9-14w of age (dev inter-cat skills)
-object play that developes eye-paw coordination begins at 7w |
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Term
| Describe the olfactory factors in feline communication. |
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Definition
| -pheromones highly important, urine, feces, facial skin glands |
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Term
| Describe the acoustics of feline communication. |
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Definition
| -murmur, vowel, strained, intensity |
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Term
| Copare/contrast dog and cat body language. |
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Definition
-Dog: tail up = aggressive/ tail down = happy
-Cat: tail up = happy/ tail down = stay away |
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Term
| Do cats have an open or closed society? |
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Definition
| -closed society (insular group) |
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Term
| Social grouping is most dependant on the availability of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Are feline social groups formed around the tom or queen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between cats and dogs, who has a bff? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are physical signs of affection from a cat? |
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Definition
-Nose touching
-Allogrooming: head and neck
-Allorubbing: spread colony odor |
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Term
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Definition
| -if one individual consistently submits or gives way to another individual as a consequence of prior experience with that individual |
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Term
| What are the signals for dominance in cats? |
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Definition
| -stare, stiff legs, stiff ears roatated laterally, elevated base of tail with remainder drooped (dominance droop) |
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Term
| What are signs of submission in a cat? |
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Definition
| -looking away, crouching, flattering ears, curl tail laterally, roll over, spatial avoidance |
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Term
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Definition
-dominant individual who signals ecessively and exter dominance frequently
-leads to peeing wards |
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Term
| True or False: If there is a drug for a behavioral problem, that should be your first treatment. |
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Definition
| FALSE, used as an adjunct to appropriate behavioral modification |
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Term
| What is a neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
-responsible for the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another
-released by pre-synaptic neuron and bind with a receptor on the post-synaptic neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| -inc the firing of the post-synaptic neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| -dec the firing of the post-synaptic neuron |
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Term
| Definition: Down-regulation |
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Definition
| -receptors become hyposensitive due to constant stimulation |
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Term
| Definition: Up-regulation |
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Definition
| -receptors become hypersensitive due to lack of stimulaiton or blockage of stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| -neurotransmitter of the NMJ in para and symp |
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Term
| ACh binds to nicotinic and muscarinic Rc's. What do they each do? |
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Definition
-Nicotinic: excitatory
-Muscarinic: dec HR, inc GI |
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Term
| What are the catecholamines? What do they cause and when are they released? |
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Definition
-Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinepherine, serotonin
-Released during stress (from CNS stim and anxiety)
-cause arousal of ANS |
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Term
| If the catecholamines are chronically stimulated, what happens? |
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Definition
| -down-regulation and depletion resulting in depression |
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Term
| Dopamine neurons in the midbrain extend into the ______ system. It is degraded primarily by what enzyme? |
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Definition
-limbic
-monoamine oxidase B |
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Term
| Excessive dopamine may be associated with what processes? |
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Definition
| -sterotypies and schizophrenia |
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Term
| Altered dopamine transmission may lead to cognitive decline, ______, and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Norepinephrine is the primary catecholamine ___ neurotransmitter. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the principle nucleus for norepinephrine release? |
|
Definition
-locus ceruleus
-sends neurons into the thalamus, cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord |
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Term
| Activation of the locus ceruleas leads to what behaviors? |
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Definition
| -fear and defensive aggression |
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Term
| What secreted epinephrine? What stimulates its release? |
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Definition
-secreted by the adrenal gland
-stimulated by norepinepherine |
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Term
| NE + epi cause what sympathetic effects? |
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Definition
| -pupilary dilation, piloerection, tachycardia |
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Term
| How is serotonin important? What happens if its levels decrease? |
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Definition
-sleep-wake cycle, mood, and emotions
-depression, anxiety, and aggression |
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Term
| What is the most widespread NT in the brain? Is it mostly excitatory or inhibitory? |
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Definition
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Term
For Benzodiazepines, describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use |
|
Definition
a) potentiate GABA
b) anxiolytic
c) sedation, hyperphagia, paradoxical aggression/excitement, dependence
d) Diazepan (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax)
e) short term, immediate anxiolytic |
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Term
For Tricyclin antidepressants (TCA's) describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use |
|
Definition
a) block re-uptake of NE and serotonin
b) anxiolytic
c) Common: anticholinergic, antihistaminic, alpha-adrenergic
d) Clomipramine (Clomicalm for separation anxiety), Amitriptyline (Elavil)
e) long term anxiolytic |
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|
Term
Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use |
|
Definition
a) block re-uptake of serotonin
b) anxiolytic
c) fewer than TCA's
d) Fluoxetine (Reconcile)
e) long term anxiolytic |
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Term
| How long before you see efficacy with Tricyclin antidepressants? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long before you see efficacy with Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibiotrs (SSRIs)? |
|
Definition
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Term
Serotonin Agonists describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use |
|
Definition
a) serotonin agonist
b) anxiolytic (bully cats: makes victim brave)
c) unknown
d) Buspirone (Buspar)
e) long term anxiolytic |
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Term
Serotonin Agonist Reuptake INhibitors describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use |
|
Definition
-Trazidone
-used for immediate, long-term anxiolytic |
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|
Term
Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors (MAOI's) describe the following:
a) mech
b) behavioral action
c) side effects
d) drugs
e) use |
|
Definition
a) irreversible blockade of MAO-B
b) improve cognitive function
c) serotonin crisis
d) selegiline or L-deprenyl (Anipryl
e) cognitive dysfunction
CANNOT BE COMBINED WITH ANY OTHER DRUGS |
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Term
| What is the goal of behavior modification? |
|
Definition
| -to replace inappropriate behavior with appropriate behavior through a series of training procedures and other ancillary modifiers |
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Term
| True or False: Behavior modification is just the fancy way of saying obedience training. |
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Definition
FALSE, uses food rewards or other positive modifiers as a salary, not as a bribe
-takes place in a stepwise fasion that takes TIME |
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Term
| Explain how deference works. |
|
Definition
-the general concept is nothing in life is free
-requires consistency and places owner in control of all interactions with the animal
-works b/c it is consistent |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of relaxation training? |
|
Definition
| -to teach the dog to sit and stay while relaxing in a series of tasks |
|
|
Term
| What is Phase I of behavior modification? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the second phase of behavior modification? |
|
Definition
| -Desensitization and counterconditioning |
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|
Term
| What is the number one mistake made during relaxation training? |
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Definition
| -it must be done outside of the scary situation |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of desensitization? |
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Definition
| -to minimize reaction to stimulus |
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|
Term
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Definition
| -do whatever freaks out the animal until you start seeing it bein uncomfortable, then stop the stimulation |
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Term
| What is the purpose of counterconditioning? |
|
Definition
-to replace a behavior with another, more appropriate behavior
-replaces the inappropriate behavior with sitting and relaxing |
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|
Term
| Definition: reinforcement |
|
Definition
-anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will recur
-either positive (Addition) or negative (withdrawal) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-anything that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will recur
-either positive (addition) or negative (withdrawal) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 rules of reinforcement and punishment? |
|
Definition
1) must be appropriate in intensity
2) must happen immediately
3) must happen every time |
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Term
| Is it a good idea to spay-neuter your pets in regard to behavior issues? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
-YES
-removes hormonal influence on behavior (makes everything quicker, longer, and more intense)
-removes genetic transference
-may make dom aggressive females early worse |
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|
Term
| Discus Promis/Halti Collars. |
|
Definition
-more like dog communication than neck collars (pressure on back of neck and closes the muzzle)
-humanely closes the dog's mount
-prevents neck damage |
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Term
| Discuss Citronella Bark Collars. |
|
Definition
-sprays a noxious substance across the dog's nose when stimulated
-can be remotely controlled or activated by vibration (barking)
-used to interrupt behavior |
|
|
Term
| Discuss clicker training. |
|
Definition
| -use unconditional response and pair it with a clicker sound as positive reinforcement to reward good action |
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