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| deals with issues relating to source, date, authorship, culture, literary style, etc |
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| same as textual criticism, recorvering the original text |
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| a family of manuscripts which share similar fact |
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| the date and character of the witness |
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clay ostraca
stone
papyrus
parchment/vellum
lead/copper
WRITTEN WITH iron stylus or quil/reed pen and ink |
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preparation:someone writing by hand
preservation- accidents, fires, vandalism, rodents, rotting |
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| documents written by hand |
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patristic citations
lectionaries |
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| documents written by hand |
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| the date and character of the witness |
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| patristic citations and lectionaries |
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the date and character of the witnesses
The geographical distribution of the witnesses
The genealogical relationship of texts and families of witnesses
Witnesses are to be weighed rather than counted |
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ranscriptional Probabilities
In general, The More Difficult reading is to be preferred
In general, the Shorter Reading is to be preferred
a) Exception Parablepsis (…where the eye of the copyist may have inadvertently passed from one word to another having a similar sequence of letters)
b) Exception: Scribe may have omitted material which he deemed to be (i) superfluous, (ii) harsh, or (iii) contrary to pious belief; liturgical usage, or ascetical practice.
In general, the reading which involves Verbal Dissidence is usually to be preferred (due to the tendency to harmonize, e.g. the Gospels). |
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a) Replace an unfamiliar word with a more familiar synonym; or
b) Alter a less refined grammatical form or less elegant lexical expression in accord with contemporary Atticizing preference; or
c) Add pronouns, conjunctions, and expletives to make a smoother text.
Intrinsic Probabilities depend upon consideration of what the author was more likely to have written |
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| seven canons of textual criticism |
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he older reading is to be preferred.
The more difficult reading (lectio difficilior) is to be preferred.
The shorter reading is to be preferred.
The reading which best explains all the variants is to be preferred.
The reading with the widest geographical support is to be preferred.
The reading which most conforms to the style and diction of the author is to be preferred.
The reading which reflects no doctrinal bias is to be preferred. |
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Where MT and the other witnesses offer the same text and it is an intelligible and sensible reading, it is inadmissible to reject this reading and resort to conjecture.
Where there is a genuine deviation from the MT on the part of the other witnesses and bother reading seem equally sensible, then the preference should normally be given to the MT
Where the text of MT is doubtful or impossible because of factors of language or sense-in-context, and where at the same time other witnesses offer a satisfactory reading, then the latter should be given favorable consideration.
Where neither the MT nor the other witnesses offer a possible or probably text, conjecture may legitimately be resorted to.
In all textual-critical work, due regard must be given to the psychology of the scribe himself. |
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| wheere the eye of the copyest may have inadvertently passed from one word to another having a similar sequence of letters |
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| exception the scribe may have omitted material which he deemed to be: |
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| superfluous, harsh, or contrary to pious belief;liturgical usage, or ascetical practice |
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| in general, which reading is to be preferred? |
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| the more difficult and shorter |
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| the more _________ reading is to be preferred |
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| the shorter or longer reading is to be preferred? |
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| the reading with the widest __________ is to be preferred. |
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| the reading which best explains ____________ is to be preferred. |
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| the reading which most conforms to the _____________ of the author is to be preferred. |
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| the reading which reflects no doctrinal ___________ is to be preferred |
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