Term
| Identify the major bones of the skull. |
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Definition
The cranial bones are the: 1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1occipital,
1 sphenoid, and 1 ethmoid.
The facial bones are the: 2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatics ( zygomas),
1 mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, and 1 vomer.
22 bones total. |
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Term
| Identify the principal sultures. |
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Definition
Coronal -- The coronal suture is located between the frontal bone
and the 2 parietal bone.
Sagittal -- The sagittal suture is located between the 2 parietal
bone.
Lambdoidal -- The lambdoidal sutures are found between the right
and left parietal bones and the occipital bone
Squamosal -- The squamosal sutures are located between the
parietal bone and the temporal bone of each side |
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Term
| Identify the principal fontanels. |
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Definition
Anterior -- The anterior (frontal) fontanel is found between the two parietal bones and the two segments of the frontal bone; closes between 18 - 24 months.
Posterior -- The posterior (occipital) fontanel is found between the
two parietal bones and the occiput; closes at 2 months.
Sphenoidal -- The anterolateral (sphenoidal) fontanel is located at
the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones; closes at 3 months.
Mastoidal -- The posterolateral (mastoidal) fontanel is found at the
junction of the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones; closes at 12 months. |
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Term
| Identify the vertebral column |
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Definition
The 26 vertebrae of the adult are distributed as:
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx. |
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Term
| Functions of the vertebral column |
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Definition
1. Enclose and protect the spinal cord.
2. Support and allow for movement of the head.
3. Give points of attachment for ribs and muscles of the back. |
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Term
| Describe the curvatures of the vertebral column. |
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Definition
| When viewed from the side the vertebral column shows four normal curves. The cervical and lumbar curves are anteriorly convex. The thoracic and sacral curves are anteriorly concave |
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Term
| What are their functions of the certebral curve |
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Definition
| These curves, like those in long bones, give the spine strength and absorb vertical shock, acting like a spring. |
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Term
| What are the primary vertebral curves? |
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Definition
| The thoracic and sacral curves are said to be primary curves because they retain the original curvature of the embryo/fetus. |
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Term
| What are the secondary vertebral curves? |
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Definition
| The cervical and lumbar curves are said to be secondary curves since they are modifications of the original curve related to assuming and erect posture by holding up the head and walking. |
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Term
| Name the bones of the thorax. |
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Definition
| The vertebral column (spine), together with the ribs and the sternum, forms the skeleton of the thorax. |
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Term
| Describe the bony thorax. |
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Definition
| The term thorax refers to the entire chest. The skeletal portion of the thorax is a bony cage formed by the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. The cage is cone-shaped with the narrow end superior and the broad end posterior. It is flattened front-to-back. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the bony thorax? |
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Definition
| The bones give partial protection to thoracic organs, support and attach the upper extremities to the axial skeleton, and give sites for muscle attachment. |
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Term
| What is the pectoral girdle? |
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Definition
| The pectoral (shoulder) girdles attach the bones of the upper extremities to the axial skeleton. Each girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula. |
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Term
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Definition
The clavicle (collarbone) forms the anterior
component of the pectoral girdle.
It articulates medially with the manubrium of the
sternum at the sternoclavicular joint and articulates
laterally with the acromion of the scapula at the
acromioclavicular joint. |
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Term
| What is the function of the clavicle? |
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Definition
| The clavicle receives forces from the upper extremity and transfers them to the axial skeleton. |
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Term
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Definition
| The scapula is the posterior component of the pectoral girdle. It is freely positioned over the upper posterior rib cage by complex muscular attach-ments. There are no bony attachments between the scapula and the axial skeleton. |
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Term
| What is the function of the scapula? |
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Definition
| In addition to forming the posterior portion of the pectoral girdle and giving rise to the shoulder joint, the broad and flattened surfaces of the scapula provide extensive areas for attachment of those muscles which move the shoulder joint. |
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Term
| What is the Glenoid Fossa? |
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Definition
| it is inferior to the acromion of the scapula, is a shallow depression that receives the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| Describe the Pelvic Girdle |
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Definition
Describe the pelvic girdle.
The pelvic (hip) girdle consists of two hipbones (coxal bones or os coxae), in association with the sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the pelvic girdle? |
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Definition
| It provides a strong and stable support for the lower extremities, on which the weight of the body is carried. |
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Term
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Definition
| Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the two coxal bones form the basin-like structure called the pelvis. |
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Term
| Describe the pelvic brim and pelvic axis. |
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Definition
The pelvic brim are the superior and inferior portions of the pelvis that are separated from each other by a plane that connects the sacral promontory posteriorly and the pubic symphysis anteriorly. The circumference of this plane is the brim.
he pelvic axis is an imaginary line passing through the lesser pelvis at right angles to the center of the planes of the pelvic inlet and outlet. |
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Term
| Describe the pelvic inlet and outlet |
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Definition
Pelvic inlet -- The superior opening of the lesser pelvis is called the pelvic inlet.
Pelvic outlet -- The inferior opening of the lesser pelvis is called the pelvic outlet. |
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Term
| Describe the true and false pelvis |
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Definition
False pelvis -- The portion of the pelvis above the pelvic brim is known as the greater (false) pelvis.
True pelvis -- The portion of the pelvis below the pelvic brim is known as the lesser (true) pelvis. |
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Term
| Identify the bones of the upper extremity |
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Definition
humerus
radius and ulna
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
(proximal row of carpals, lateral to medial)
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
(distal row of carpals, lateral to medial)
5 metacarpals (I – V)
phalanges |
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Term
| What are the functions of arches in the foot? |
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Definition
| The arches allow the foot to bear the weight of the body, provide ideal distribution of weight across the hard and soft tissues of the foot, and provide leverage while walking. They are not rigid, but rather yield then spring back when the weight is removed. |
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Term
| Medial longitudinal foot arch |
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Definition
| The medial (inner) longitudinal arch begins at the calcaneus, rises to the talus, then descends through the navicular, cuneiforms, and the head of the first three metatarsals. |
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Term
| Lateral longitudinal foot arch |
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Definition
The lateral (outer) longitudinal arch begins
at the calcaneus, rises to the cuboid, then decreases through the heads of the metatarsals IV and V. |
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Term
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Definition
The transverse arch is formed by the navicular,
three cuneiforms, and the five metatarsals, and passes from medial to lateral. |
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Term
| Identify the bones of the lower extremeties |
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Definition
femur
patella
tibia and fibula
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid,
medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform,
lateral cuneiform
5 metatarsals (I-V)
14 phalanges |
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Term
| In the pelvis of a female... |
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Definition
1. false pelvis is shallower
2. pelvic inlet is larger and more oval
3. pubic arch is greater than a 90 degree angle
4. ilia are less vertical, being more flared laterally
5. iliac fossae are shallower
6. iliac crest is less curved
7. acetabulum is smaller, related to size of the head of
the female femur (weight bearing comparing to
males)
8. obturator foramen is more oval |
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