stored energy available to do work

ex: compressed spring, ball @ top of hill, covalent bonds pre broken 

energy used to do work- released 

ex: spring released, bike going downhill, bonds broken 

amount of energy required to raise temp 1 degree 

-potential energy but once digested=kinetic 

measure of random loss of heat energy

-every reaction=loose energy=heat=irreversible

amount of chem reactions within a cell 

-reactants and products =new compounds that absorb/release energy 

4 blocks=2 bars=full large bar

ex:photosy, products contain more energy over reactants

big block=2 blocks=4 pieces 

ex:cell res, reactants have more energy over products 

BREAKING  DOWN

Redox Reactions 

( Oxidation Reduction)

proteins accept e- from mcl before it and passes to the next ...ect each "passing"= loss of energy 

*each protein=reduced then oxidized 

Photo and cell res rely=energy!

Stores energy, in covalent bonds, then uses energy to pwr reactions =energy input 

-mitochondria 

adenine, 5-carbon sugar, 3 phosphate 

-all cells depend on potential energy from ATP 

-remove end tail of phosphate W/ H2O=ADP=BURST OF ENERGY! that cell uses 

one provides energy that drives the other

-transfer phosphate to mcl -mcl= energize mcl OR change shape of mcl

-changing shape=protein to move substances across membrane ATP hydro=provides energy 

-other jobs=ATP= muscle contraction/move chromo during cell division 

mcl that speeds up reactions 

-mainly proteins made of RNA

-copy DNA, build proteins, digest food, recycle worn out parts 

amount of energy required to start a reaction-release energy

-reactions occur faster if activation energy is low-enzyme brings reactions into close contact w/ each other 

Active Site 

Area where substrate

(reactants) bind, fit like puzzle pieces, once reaction occurs =enzyme release product 

reactions products inhibit enzyme that catalyzes (speeds up) reaction

-more products accum=slow/stop reaction, less allow reaction to occur

**WORKS IN 2 WAYS**

works to prevent too much accumulation

1. mcl bind to enzyme in site that isnt active site=alter enzyme shape=cant bind to substrate (reactant)

Production of reaction binds to enzymes active site=cant bind to substrate (reactant)

-"competitive"= product competes w/substrate to occupy active site

Sensitive to pH, salt concentrations, temp=can cause enzyme to stop working 

-heat speeds up enzyme

plants/algae/microbes= take solar energy and make into chemical energy 

-turn co2 to glucose, uses h2o=release gas=oxygen 

range of all possible frequencies of radiation-light

-visible light is in this-colors-wavelengths