Term
|
Definition
| tissue in which calcium phosphate and other organic salts are deposited in collagen fibers |
|
|
Term
| ancestor to the vertebrates may have been an extinct member of the cephalochardates |
|
Definition
*amphioxus
*pikaia gracicens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| young rocks on top old rocks on bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first known vertabrate
no jaws
agnathans (superclass agnathans)
cambrian period
bony sheild covering the head and front part of the body and paired fins
many groups became extinct certain members thought to ancestors of living fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| younger than anything around it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st bony fish
silurian 400 million yrs
30 mil yrs duration
paleozoic era 350 mil yrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carboniferaus
74 mil yrs duration
paleozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
birds
vurrasic
mesozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bevonian - 48 mil yr duration
paleozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modern fish
permian period
paleozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triassic period mesozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triassic period mesozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grouping organisms based on common ancestry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolutionary history of a group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to all of the traits both physical and behavioral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes passed down from one generation to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classification of similar unique features (charectoristics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference btw the survival or reproduction success of individuals with specific phenotypes compared to other phenotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which an individual contributes genes to future generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which an individual contributes genes to future generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most fit organisms goes on to reproduce and pas its favorable traits to future generations (ability to survive and reproduce) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
individuals with in a species vary
natural selection will act upon those individuals that have the traits best suited for that enviorment
ex:coat color in mice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
some of the variations found in the population are passed on to offspring
trait is agenetic basis and the most common and successful ones will be passed down to offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in every generation more offspring are produced than can survive
those organisms that do survive are more sucessful than others at breeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the survival and reproduction success of individuals is not random
the individuals who survive and reproduce are those carrying the most favorable variations and are naturally selected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
includes
extinct ostracaderms and extant hagfish and lampreys
*ostracoderms ancestors to jawed vertabrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
jawless fish
includes ostracoderms
myxini-hagfish
petromyzonifarmes- living lampreyd
both lack jaws and a notochord persists throughout life
it does not become a vertabrate column
no paired fins and do not have any where else in their body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage is the supporting element of the skeleton including the notochord |
|
|
Term
| two jawless finless fist that didnt become extinct |
|
Definition
1)hagfish feel on bottom of ocean on dead things (myxini) ordovician
2) living lampreys (cephalaspidomaphi)-carboniferous
not on main line at vertebrate evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
living hagfish
*marine group/not fresh water
*bottom feeders
*more like invertabrates because in terms of salt concentration in their tissues, light sensitive eyes, have a single semicircular canal on each side of the head.
*have a prominet notochord of cartilage
*craniates without vertebrae
*lampreys-crainates with vertebrae
*have been evolving for 530 mil yrs and have changed very little since
*1st appeared during ordovician period |
|
|
Term
| two jawless finless fist that didnt become extinct |
|
Definition
1)hagfish feel on bottom of ocean on dead things (myxini) ordovician
2) living lampreys (cephalaspidomaphi)-carboniferous
not on main line at vertebrate evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first class to appear in carboniferous period includes lamprey (parasites upon another organism)
*rasping tongues that is used to break through the skin of their host and lampreys live off of them until the host dies.
*two semicircle canals on each side of the head functional eyes and regulates salt in a manner similar to vertebrates
*more similar to odtracderm than the hagfish
*found in fresh and salt water |
|
|
Term
| superclass gnathostomata (jawed fish) |
|
Definition
extinct forms:
*developement of jaws
*opened up to predatory life and allowed fish to be aggressive
*organisms placed into two classes acanthodii and placadermi
not on main line of vertabrate evolution
*first appeared (late ordovician or early silurian period)
*first jawed fish
*acanthodii >early silurian
*placodermii > late silurian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*spiny fish
*successful
*permian period
*small minnow sized fish with many pairs of fins
*do not appear to be the ancestor of male mole modern fish but have similarities to bony fish (jaw opening and gill caver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*became extinct in the devonian period
*had boney plates covering the body and head
*had jaws
*fresh water and marine enviorment up to fourty feet |
|
|
Term
| gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) |
|
Definition
three major groups of living jawed fish
*classed chondrichtheyes (cartiliged)
*sarcopterygii (lobed-finned fish)
*actinopterygii (rayed finned fish)
*actinopterygii-fish sold in markets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*do not have any bones in their bodies except for thier teeth and scales
*skeletal system=entirely cartilage
*mouth is in a ventral position and the male of the species has modified pelvic fins (claspers) to facilitate mating
*fertilization is internal
*ONLY FISH TO DO THIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*naked gill slits
*gills not covered
*sharks rays and skates |
|
|
Term
| which fish has only cartilage |
|
Definition
| sharks hagfish and lampreys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*lobe finned fish
*direct ancertors of tetrapods (land vertebrates)
*fleshy muscular fins that are supported by an internal skeleton of bone
*lung fish dipnoi australia , africa , south america, have functional lungs used for gas exchange
*coelacanths (sarcopterygii) africa &madagascar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*tetrapod limb evolved from sarcopterygian fins
*rhipidistian fish thought to be direct ancestor of amphibians (first tetrapods) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*devianian
*paleozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*silurian period
*paleozoic era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*ray-finned fish
*bony fish (osteichthyes)
*has fins that are not supported by bony elements and the muscles are located with in the body not the fins |
|
|
Term
| neopterygii (actinopterygii |
|
Definition
seen everyday in food and sports
*very successful :
25,000 plus
*variety of shapes sizes and feedings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
did well in devonian *then declined
*african water fishes
*sturgens (caviar)
*paddlefishes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*devonian period
*swap dwelling labryinthodonts
*cross section of teeth
*oldest member ichthyostega
*descended from rhipdistian fish
*lissamphibia > frogs toads and salamanders
*have boney skeletons
*fair limbs
*web feet is common
*glandularslein sometimes used for breathing (gas exchange)
*larval > externall gills
*adults >lungs and skins for gas exchange
*salamanders used only the skin and lining of the mouth and throat for gas exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*very complicated and important group
*evolved along three major line of decent:
-turtles; mammals; snakes, lizards, crocs, and birds.
*ex of extinct reptile:dinosaur
*were the dominant terestrial vertebrates during most of the misozoic era they weer found on land air and water
*walked on two four feet and were carnivores and herbivores
*one group gave rise to the mammals in late triassic and birds derived from this group
*basal reptile derived from amphibians that become ancester of all reptiles birds and mammals
*carboniferous period
*adv over amphibians bc not tied to water
*reptiles birds and mammals have extraembrvonic membranes around egg with fluid and raw egg can be laid anywhere termed amnioted and amphibians and fish termed angmniotes
*amphibians not protected from drying out
*reptiles have a body surface covered by thick skin that prevents drying out so they could move into new eviorments
*neck to expand vision, pelvic girdle more firmly attached. (more powerful hind limbs)
*scally clawed, ectothermic, lungs, eggs are laid ready to so young. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
living and extinct turtles
*distinct shell for reproduction
Subclass Lepidosauria:
*endangered sphenodon; large lizard like animal that is about 2.5 ft.
*lizardd snakes subterranean lizards
*komodo dragon can reach 9ft 250lbs
*snkaes evolved from lizards and lost hind limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of extinct marine reptiles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| considered ancestor to crocs and birds; also include pterosaurs and dinos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ancestor to mammals; left an impressive fossil record; pelycosaur had large sail along its back 9ft and both a predator and herbivore
*therapsids evolved from them and they lead to mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
out number all vertabrates with exception of fish
*found in all inviorments
*seed eaters insect eaters and preaters
*derived from bipedal Archosaurian reptile; most clearly related to crocs
*similar bone and muscle structure "glorified reps"
*endothermic (ward blooded) can maintain body temp
*only birds have feathers |
|
|
Term
| subclass Archaeornithes "neornithes" |
|
Definition
"earliest vertebrates classified as birds aka archaeopteryx"
*all other birds from flightless to humming birds penguins hawks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*3 major groups
*prototheria (platypus and echidna)
*theria (including Methatheria) reped by marsupials
*eutheria (palcental mammals ) mokeys
*stem reptile (cotylosaurs)
*ostracoderms gave ride to jaw and jawless fish
*are hedrodaunt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"oviparous lay eggs (fish all amphibians same reptiles all birds and two mammal species
*viviparous>non shelled offspring
*ovoviviparous >female retains egg in her body young hatched from eggs and born alive fish and snakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most ray finned fish and many amphibians *
*the female releases the egg into the water and males release sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
certain ray -finned fish all cartilaginous fish and same amphibians all reptiles birds and mammals
*either lay shells or have period of internal embryonic developement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*90% birds
not a lot of mammals
are male and female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one individual that has more than one mate at a time mamals mostly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one male and two or more females
*many females
*most mammals (promiscuous)
*many partners for both sex during breeding process
*with mammal when new male comes he will kill young to claim territory (infanticide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one female and two or more males
*many males
*rare*male here care for eggs and young
*with humans NYINBA
*fraternal polyandry married to group of brothers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*one female with one male
*pair band
*90% brids
*bond may last a breeding session birds
*several sessions robins doves
*life swans geese eagles
*young has a better chance to live if parents help together
*male feeds female and young
*may not help at all and only watch for danger
*3% mammal in these cases male helps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lead by female meerkat group
*opposite would be a patriarchal group
*flower does not let any other female breed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| *flowerr=leader *predaters=insects and small reptiles *dont need water *get water from feed *shakespeare was bitten by snake *flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*flaver=leader
*predaters=insects and small reptiles
*dont need water
*get water from feed
*shakespeare bitten by snake
*flower killed by snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*mostly males some females
*made as they approach sexual maturity leave birth place
*also with humans :
-get first job
-marry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long distance in order to secure food, wather or raise offspring
*return to region that was left
*"snow birds"
-yearly
-seasonally
-lifetime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ex: fish salmon
-takes a lifetime to complete migration from an adult in tocean to fresh water breed "and dromous fish"
*hatch in cold water and move into ocean
*use scent to go back to birth place not vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ex: green turtle
*migrate 500 miles from water off caost of Brazil to lay eggs on Ascension island
*as adult females same turtle swin against current to go and lay their eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*area around home of the animal
*area to get food , seek protection/ and find mate
*predaters have larger home ranges than herbivores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*mass migration of wildebeest
*spends wet season (dec-april) in SE serengeti where food supply in abundant and calvor are born.
*dry season (may) go to north E go to usa feeding grounds.
*return to SE nov-dec depends on rainfall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
650000 sandhill cranes
266 whooping cranes winter in texas summer canada
*75 cranes in wod buffalo whooping flock
*once were very plentiful and wintered in florida
*have endangered loss of habitat and hunting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*canadian cranes 1st to fallow ultra light
*sand hill crane 1990 .wisconsin to fl (10 return to wisconsin)
imprinting: fallowing an object to which you will direct your attentions as an adult
*takes whooping cranes 48 days with ultra light 10 days by them |
|
|
Term
| what about mammals is false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first amphibians
cross -section teeth |
|
|
Term
| jaws and paired apendages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ostracaderms classified as 1st vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mating system female to seveal male |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all females free to breed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crane species endangered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| salmon that spawn in fresh water is false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one area to another to raise young |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elephant to sexual maturity leaves group to new area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most successful verterbrate group listed in terms of diversity and numbers of species is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertebrate group with external fertilization ectothermic andyromous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fitness is random process |
|
|
Term
| lion pride to kill water buffalo is false |
|
Definition
| heard walked away from scene and let die |
|
|
Term
| mammals practice _______ as mating system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fish belonging to class sarcopterygii first appeared in fossil record during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polygynous and polygamous (pramiscuous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the vertebrate group early transition from water to land which adaptation did not occur? |
|
Definition
| eggs were developed that could be laid away from water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| evolutionary developement ancestral of history |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mating system in which a male and female pair to produce offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what about amphibia is false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| verterbrates that in habited land were first found in the fossil record during the _________ period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| verterbrates that in habited land were first found in the fossil record during the _________ period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is false about sarcopterygii |
|
Definition
| they have fins that are not supported by bone |
|
|
Term
| which verterbrate group listed below is thought to be the direct ancestors of tetrapods (land vertebrates ) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whicih verterbrate are composed entirely of cartilag |
|
Definition
| myxini and chondrichthyes |
|
|
Term
| sharkes and skates and rays |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| animals in the phylum chordate share all of the charectoristics listed below at same point in their life history with the exception of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which group was the first to appear in the fossil record |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extinct primitive jawed fish belong to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| birds appeared in _____period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| birds out numbered all vertebrae except for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| birds are _______in production of offspring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which statement about sacropterysii is false |
|
Definition
| fins did not contain muscles skeletan of cartilage |
|
|
Term
| frogs and toads belong to class amphibia subclass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crane vide begin in ____and end in_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which statement about darwins natural selection is false? |
|
Definition
| changes in population occus over short periods of time |
|
|
Term
| what is false about ostracaderms |
|
Definition
| well-developed fleshy fins containing muscles and bone |
|
|
Term
| which is not found in myxini and chondrichthyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the fallowing statements about ostracaderms is false |
|
Definition
| they had well developed jaws-well developed fleshy fins containing muscles and bones |
|
|
Term
| what trait is not shared by birds and mammals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| greatest perdator to meerkats |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| first to fallow ultralight__________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| reptiles appeared in __________period |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
at same point in their life history they share four common tratis
1)notochord
2)pharyngeal slits
3)dorsal hallow nerve cord
4)postanal tail |
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Term
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Definition
*a slender semi-regid rod that lies along the back of the animal
*provides suppose for the organism |
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Term
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Definition
*pathway for breathing and for the intake of food (pharynx)
*during some part in the lfie history of all chordates the walls of the pharynx contain slits or openings called "pharygyneal slits" |
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Term
| dorsal hallow nerve chord |
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Definition
| *lies alongside and above the notochord |
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Term
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Definition
| *an extension of the body past the anus and at same point in thier life histories chordates have this feature |
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Definition
*turnicates or sea squirts
*marine enviorment
*adult is sessile
-pharygyneal slits only
*larval form is free swimming
-all 4 chordate characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
*amphioxus
*marine
*no larval form
*adults show all four chordata charecteristics
-turnicates and amphibians often called protochordates |
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