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Biochem Diabetes
KYCOM Block 4
33
Biochemistry
Graduate
12/07/2012

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Cards

Term
define diabetes mellitus
Definition
elevation of fasting blood glucose due to insuine deficiency
Term
what is another name for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
insulin dependent, juvenile
Term
what metabolic state is type 1 diabetes mellitus most like
Definition
starvation
Term
what type of disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
immune
Term
what causes type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
toxin or virus that initiates destruction of B cells in the pancreas
Term
how / when does type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
sudden onset in childhood or puberty or stress or illness
Term
is there a genetic component to type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
a small one
Term
how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause hyperglycemia
Definition
decrease in insulin causes gluconeogenesis and decrease glucose uptake into the tissues
Term
how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause ketoacidosis
Definition
decrease in insulin causes adipocytes to release FA which is used for ketone production
Term
how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause hyperlipidemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia (long story like answer)
Definition
FA from food or liver normally go to the TCA or ketogenesis in type 1 diabetes mellitus but once those become overwhelmed it goes into making VLDl which goes to the tissues but lipoprotein lipase is overwhelmed so chylomicrons build up too
Term
what are the ways to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
standard insulin and insensitive insulin therapy
Term
how does standard insulin therpay work
Definition
controls blood glucose with insulin injections to 225-275 mg/dl and HbA1C to 8-9%
Term
how does insensitive insuline therapy work
Definition
use insulin injections to control blood glucose to 150 mg/dl and HbAiC to 7%
Term
what is normal blood glucose and HbA1C levels
Definition
100 mg/dl and <6%
Term
what is HbA1C
Definition
glycoslyated Hb
Term
what is the clinical significance of HbA1C
Definition
it helps measure blood glucose over time and not relative to the closest meal because it lasts as long as the blood vessels last, measures long term effects
Term
why is hypoglycemia a threat to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Definition
because glucagon and epinepherine cells are compormized to insulin therapy can easily cause it
Term
why cant children do intensive insulin therapy
Definition
brain development
Term
whyy cant the elderly do intensive insulin therapy
Definition
increased stroke and heart attack risk. it is also for long term
Term
what metabolic state is type 2 diabetes mellitus like
Definition
fasting
Term
what is wrong in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
cant maintain insulin supply. first due to an insulin resistance due to obesity then B cells become dysfunctional
Term
is type 2 diabetes mellitus genetic
Definition
it does have a larger genetic component
Term
describe how type 2 diabetes mellitus like causes ketoacidosis
Definition
it doesnt, the presence of insulin usually prevents it
Term
does everyone with insulin resistance have type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
no, pretty much everyone who is obease has it
Term
what is the hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus proportionate to
Definition
glucose increases over time
Term
why would someone with type 2 diabetes mellitus need insulin injections
Definition
because B cells have been dysfunctional to a long enough period of time
Term
what accelerates the B cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
toxic effects of hyperglycemia and free FA
Term
what are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
Term
what is there hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
increased VLDL and chylomicrons
Term
how is newly developed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
it can be reversed with a better life style
Term
what does metformin do
Definition
decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver, help type 2 diabetes mellitus
Term
what are the chronic effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Definition
athlerosclerosis, retinapothy (blindness), neuropathy, nepheropathy, cataracts, HbAiC production, protein glycosylation
Term
why do people with type 2 diabetes mellitus get cataracts
Definition
increased glucose uptake in non insulin sensitive tissues
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