Term
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Definition
elevation of fasting blood glucose due to insuine deficiency |
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Term
what is another name for type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
insulin dependent, juvenile |
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Term
what metabolic state is type 1 diabetes mellitus most like |
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Definition
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Term
what type of disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
what causes type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
toxin or virus that initiates destruction of B cells in the pancreas |
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Term
how / when does type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
sudden onset in childhood or puberty or stress or illness |
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Term
is there a genetic component to type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause hyperglycemia |
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Definition
decrease in insulin causes gluconeogenesis and decrease glucose uptake into the tissues |
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Term
how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause ketoacidosis |
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Definition
decrease in insulin causes adipocytes to release FA which is used for ketone production |
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Term
how does type 1 diabetes mellitus cause hyperlipidemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia (long story like answer) |
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Definition
FA from food or liver normally go to the TCA or ketogenesis in type 1 diabetes mellitus but once those become overwhelmed it goes into making VLDl which goes to the tissues but lipoprotein lipase is overwhelmed so chylomicrons build up too |
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Term
what are the ways to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
standard insulin and insensitive insulin therapy |
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Term
how does standard insulin therpay work |
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Definition
controls blood glucose with insulin injections to 225-275 mg/dl and HbA1C to 8-9% |
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Term
how does insensitive insuline therapy work |
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Definition
use insulin injections to control blood glucose to 150 mg/dl and HbAiC to 7% |
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Term
what is normal blood glucose and HbA1C levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
what is the clinical significance of HbA1C |
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Definition
it helps measure blood glucose over time and not relative to the closest meal because it lasts as long as the blood vessels last, measures long term effects |
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Term
why is hypoglycemia a threat to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
because glucagon and epinepherine cells are compormized to insulin therapy can easily cause it |
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Term
why cant children do intensive insulin therapy |
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Definition
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Term
whyy cant the elderly do intensive insulin therapy |
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Definition
increased stroke and heart attack risk. it is also for long term |
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Term
what metabolic state is type 2 diabetes mellitus like |
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Definition
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Term
what is wrong in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
cant maintain insulin supply. first due to an insulin resistance due to obesity then B cells become dysfunctional |
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Term
is type 2 diabetes mellitus genetic |
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Definition
it does have a larger genetic component |
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Term
describe how type 2 diabetes mellitus like causes ketoacidosis |
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Definition
it doesnt, the presence of insulin usually prevents it |
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Term
does everyone with insulin resistance have type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
no, pretty much everyone who is obease has it |
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Term
what is the hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus proportionate to |
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Definition
glucose increases over time |
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Term
why would someone with type 2 diabetes mellitus need insulin injections |
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Definition
because B cells have been dysfunctional to a long enough period of time |
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Term
what accelerates the B cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
toxic effects of hyperglycemia and free FA |
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Term
what are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia |
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Term
what is there hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
increased VLDL and chylomicrons |
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Term
how is newly developed type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
it can be reversed with a better life style |
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Term
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Definition
decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver, help type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Term
what are the chronic effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
athlerosclerosis, retinapothy (blindness), neuropathy, nepheropathy, cataracts, HbAiC production, protein glycosylation |
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Term
why do people with type 2 diabetes mellitus get cataracts |
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Definition
increased glucose uptake in non insulin sensitive tissues |
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