Term
|
Definition
unwinds strands in double stranded DNA ATP dependent E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
23 chromosomes 6 x 10^9 base pairs 1 error per billion base pairs |
|
|
Term
Single stranded binding protein |
|
Definition
binds DNA with low affinity prevents DNA strands from re-annealing E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthesis of RNA primer on leading and lagging strand, uses single stranded DNA as template E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
holds DNA polymerase tightly on DNA, increasing processivity of DNA replication catalyzed by clamp loading complex E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary replicative DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA on leading and lagging strands extends from RNA primer E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
uses previous okazaki fragment as primer and degrades RNA primer ahead fills in the gap by extending the okazaki fragment Does not catalyze the phosphodiester bond E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seals the nick between 2 Okazaki fragments E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
catalyzes the unwinding of DNA and forms what is the replication fork |
|
|
Term
single strand binding proteins |
|
Definition
attach to each single stranded molecule to stabilize replication fork and prevent reannealing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relax the supercoil of the double stranded DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
end of chromosomes, a certain sequence (TTAGGG) that shortens with every replication lagging end is lost every time because no primer on very end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RNA dependend DNA polymerase that adds TTAGGG to the 3' end of telomeres prevents gene loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
external DNA fragment homologous to a damaged sequence in cell is incorporated Invasion, branch migration, formation and resolution of Holiday Junction intermediate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Part of Homologous recombination Rec A binds to singel stranded DNA, coating DNA to form protein DNA filament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Part of Homologous recombination catalyzed by RuvA and RuvB (2 enzymes with helicase) the cross strand moves across and adds to old DNA |
|
|
Term
formation and resolution of Holliday Junction |
|
Definition
Part of Homologous recombination enzymes called resolvases cleave crossing strands and are joined by ligase |
|
|
Term
Non homologous recombination |
|
Definition
site specific recombination where break ends are directly ligated without homologous template. There is a complete excision and replacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spontaneous deamination spontaneous depurination oxidation by O2 species methylation or alkylation UV radiation crosslinks pyrimidines forms dimers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
repair enzyme detects damaged base base is removed by cleavage of glycosyl bond sugar phosphate backbone is removed repair enzyme inserts base using template DNA ligase connects phosphodiester bond |
|
|
Term
nucleotide excision repair |
|
Definition
repair enzyme detects damaged sequence of bases entire nucleotide sequence is removed sugar phosphate backbone is removed repair enzyme inserts bases using bottoms strand template DNA ligase connects phosphodiester bond |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incorrect bond prevents WC bond from forming methylation of DNA allows for determination of original base MutS, MutH, and MutL repair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protein that finds damaged site for mismatch repair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protein that recognizes methylated strand and protects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degrades non-methylated strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthesis of RNA molecule involving copying of 1 strand of DNA template using WC bond |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eukaryotic transcribes ribosomal RNA genes and Class I transcription factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthesizes mRNA in nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transcribes for small stable RNA and tRNA |
|
|
Term
Prokaryotic transcription-Initiation |
|
Definition
RNA polymerase binds to promoter forming closed complex RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds tighter forming open complex. DNA is opened forming transcription bubble promoter clearance and movement of transcription bubble |
|
|
Term
Prokaryotic transcription-elongation |
|
Definition
RNA polymerase moves along double helix, separating strands RNA polymerase moves 3' to 5' along template strand 5' end of transcript emerges from polymerase first |
|
|
Term
Prokaryotic transcription-termination |
|
Definition
GC rich palindrome sequence followed by 6-7 U's palindrome forms a hairpin that triggers termination 3' end of transcript is pulled out of RNA polymerase active site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sequences of nucleotides that ell RNA polymerase where to begin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TATAA- located 10 base pairs upstream from transcription beginning TTGACA 35 bp upstream from start point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interact with RNA polymerase and other elements of transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can synthesize RNA but cannot recognize promoters 2 α subunits 1 β subunit 1 β’ subunit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains sigma subunit recognizes promoter different sigmas transcribe different genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class of DNA binding protein in Euk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti TB drug that inhibits RNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
poison that inhibits euk polymerase II, causes liver failure in 3-4 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determines where on DNA a protein binds |
|
|
Term
DNA footprinting procedure |
|
Definition
1. end label DNA with radioactive/fluorescent tag at 5' terminus 2. digest mixture with DNAase and analyze product by denaturing through degrading electrophoresis |
|
|
Term
Footprinting interpretation |
|
Definition
one well has DNA and nuclease only, shows typical breaking bands of DNA one well has Protein and DNA and nuclease, will show a blank spot where protein binds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genes who when mutated or overexpressed cause cause carcinogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gene that encodes small DNA binding protein king of tumor supressors affects cell cycle inhibits transcription of ceratin genes 50% of cancer patients have p53 mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single copy of p53 mutant gene predisposition to carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, brain tumor |
|
|