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___ ______ facilitate exchange of signals and small molecules between adjacent cells. |
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Protein receptors are often |
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Receptors coordinate with other proteins to amplify the signal(steps) |
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Definition
1. Hormone binding to receptor stimulates an inactive G protein. It exchanges GDP for GTP
2. G protein/GTP complex dissociates from receptor and activate adenylate cyclase to produce CAMP
3. G protein catalyzes hydrolysis of its bound GTP
4. G protein dissociates from adenylate cyclase, deactivating it |
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decreases the rate of GTP to GDP |
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One of >30 bitter taste receptors in humans Binds to molecules called glucosinolates There is a prevalent set of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms that affect activity A49P, V262A, and I296V AVI = nontaster while PAV = taster |
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G protein pathways are directly involved in or linked to three of the five basic senses |
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Stimulation of second messengers leads to release of neurotransmitters and stimulation of adjacent nerve cells like in the taste receptors. |
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1. Light stimulation of rhodopsin leads activation of a g-protein, transduction
2. Activated G-protein activates cGMP PDE
3. PDE hydrolyzes cGMP, reducing concentration
4.Leads to closure of Na channels |
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Proteins that binds molecules |
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Hemoglobin Receptors Channels Actin Gβ/γ |
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Proteins that do chemistry |
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Myosin Gα Polymerase Trans-retinal regeneration proteins |
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