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Biochem Test 3 Protein Function
N/A
10
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 3
11/10/2014

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Term
___ ______ facilitate exchange of signals and small molecules between adjacent cells.
Definition
gap junctions
Term
Protein receptors are often
Definition
dimeric or multimeric
Term
Receptors coordinate with other proteins to amplify the signal(steps)
Definition
1. Hormone binding to receptor stimulates an inactive G protein. It exchanges GDP for GTP

2. G protein/GTP complex dissociates from receptor and activate adenylate cyclase to produce CAMP

3. G protein catalyzes hydrolysis of its bound GTP


4. G protein dissociates from adenylate cyclase, deactivating it
Term
Cholera toxin
Definition
decreases the rate of GTP to GDP
Term
TAS2R38
Definition
One of >30 bitter taste receptors in humans
Binds to molecules called glucosinolates
There is a prevalent set of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms that affect activity
A49P, V262A, and I296V
AVI = nontaster while PAV = taster
Term
G protein pathways are directly involved in or linked to three of the five basic senses
Definition
Sight
Taste
Smell
Term
Smell receptor
Definition
Stimulation of second messengers leads to release of neurotransmitters and stimulation of adjacent nerve cells like in the taste receptors.
Term
Light receptors (4)
Definition
1. Light stimulation of rhodopsin leads activation of a g-protein, transduction

2. Activated G-protein activates cGMP PDE

3. PDE hydrolyzes cGMP, reducing concentration

4.Leads to closure of Na channels
Term
Proteins that binds molecules
Definition
Hemoglobin
Receptors
Channels
Actin
Gβ/γ
Term
Proteins that do chemistry
Definition
Myosin

Polymerase
Trans-retinal regeneration proteins
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