Term
| organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| these provide energy and yield 4 kilocalories/gram. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what 3 things does carbs include? |
|
Definition
| monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. |
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|
Term
these are simple sugars: __________
what 3 types of sugars are considered simple sugars? |
|
Definition
monosaccharides.
1.glucose
2.fructose
3.galactose |
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|
Term
these are two monosaccharides/double sugars and are known as ______________.
they include what 3 sugars? |
|
Definition
disaccharides.
1.sucrose
2.lactose.
3.maltose |
|
|
Term
table sugar:
milk sugar:
plant sugar: |
|
Definition
sucrose.
lactose.
maltose. |
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|
Term
these are complex sugars known as ___________________.
they include what 4 things? |
|
Definition
polysaccharides.
1. starch
2. glycogen
3. dextrans
4. fibers |
|
|
Term
| amylase and amylopectin (plants) |
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Definition
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|
Term
this provides a food storage system in animals: ___________.
its stored in what 2 places? |
|
Definition
glycogen.
-liver
-muscles |
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|
Term
| energy source for caries-producing bacteria, such as streptococcus mutans..... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| this type of polysaccharide is considered dietary. example is cellulose. its not digestible. its insoluble. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| found in bran and is insoluble.... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| made of glucose and galactose |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 things does lipids include? |
|
Definition
-triglycerides
-phospholipids
-sterols |
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|
Term
| triglycerides basic structure is _________ + 3 _______ __________. they carry the maximum number of ____________ atoms. they _______ serum cholesterol levels. |
|
Definition
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
hydrogen atoms
increase |
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|
Term
this lipid contains a double bond and is viscous in form: ___________________.
sources include ________ and _________ oils. |
|
Definition
monosaturated.
canola and olive oil |
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|
Term
this lipid contains two or more unsaturated double bonds: _______________
what does it do to serum cholesterol? |
|
Definition
polyunsaturated.
it decreases it. |
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|
Term
| this lipid must be obtained by diet: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| phospholipids have _______________ heads & _______________ tails. |
|
Definition
hydrophilic heads
hydrophobic tails |
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|
Term
| the 3 major groups of steroids: |
|
Definition
| cholesterol, adrenal cortex hormones (cortisol), and sex hormones |
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|
Term
| lipids provide concentrated source of _______. ___ kilocalories/gram. they maintain body _______ and protect _______. they carry vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are ____ soluble. |
|
Definition
energy.
9.
temperature.
organs.
fat. |
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|
Term
| organic compounds made up of amino acids are ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is proteins main function? |
|
Definition
| to repair and build tissue |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 sulfur containing amino acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what determines the function of a protein? |
|
Definition
| the sequence of the amino acids |
|
|
Term
| what determines the sequence of amino acids? |
|
Definition
| sequence of bases on the DNA |
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|
Term
| bonding between amino acids to form peptides and proteins is called.... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the __________ _____ group and the ________ group react to release water. |
|
Definition
| carboxylic acid and amine |
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|
Term
| what is the primary structure of proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the secondary structure of proteins? |
|
Definition
| when they find another shape once they are left alone/ how they line up. |
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|
Term
| secondary structure of proteins are held together by what type of bond? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 important functions of proteins? |
|
Definition
structural support
defense
motion/movement |
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|
Term
| this is an amino acid that the body cannot synthesize. they must be obtained from the diet: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| this type of amino acid is dispensable. the body synthesizes as long as nitrogen is present. they are not required in the diet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are sources for complete proteins? |
|
Definition
| fish, meat, eggs, cheese, milk, and soybeans |
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|
Term
| incomplete proteins are ______ proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need to combine two or more proteins to compensate for deficiencies in amino acid content: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| nucleic acids are _________. they are multiple units of ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 chemical groups are nucleotides composed of? |
|
Definition
sugar/ 5-carbon
phosphate
nitrogenous base
* they all have nitrogen |
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|
Term
| nitrogenous bases are bonded across the rungs of the DNA ladder by ______________ bond |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what is the protein that DNA winds around in the formation of chromosomes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| making an exact copy of the DNA. It unzips and has a new ladder back bone. |
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|
Term
| describe DNA transcription |
|
Definition
| process of making RNA from a DNA template |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesis of a protein from a mRNA template. |
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|
Term
| no thymine, uracil matches adenine, single stranded, has ribose sugar. this is.... |
|
Definition
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