Term
Nucleic Acids:
contain:
made of:
such as:
function:
sources: |
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Definition
-contain C,H,O,N,P
-made of nucleotides
-such as DNA, RNA
-contains genetic info, stores energy, controls enzyme reaction
-all foods |
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Term
Proteins
contains:
made of:
such as:
function:
source: |
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Definition
-contain C,H,O,N,S
-made of amino acids
-such as meats and dairy
-messengers and receptors of messages, defense against disease,skin & hair & muscles.
-meats,legumes |
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Term
Lipids
contain:
made of:
such as:
function:
source: |
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Definition
-contain C,H,O
-made of fatty acids, glycerol
-such as fats, oils, waxes
-storage of energy and C, forms parts of cell membrane,chemical messengers. (also nonpolar)
-liquids of solid fats
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Term
Carbohydrates
contain:
made of:
such as:
function:
source: |
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Definition
-contain C,H,O
-made of monosaccharides
-such as sugars,starches,cellulose
-structural material,provides energy or stores energy.
-sugar and starchy food. |
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Term
4 Categories of Macromolecules |
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Definition
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic Acid
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Term
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Definition
- basic unites of carbs. means "one sugar"
- are isomers of C6-H12-O6
- examples: glucose(blood sugar), galactose(milk)
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Term
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Definition
- 2 monos joined by dehydration. 2 simple sugars
- C12-H22-O11
- examples: sucrose(glu+fru), lactose(glu+galact), maltose(2 glu)
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Term
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Definition
- forms complex carbohydrates when simple sugars act as "links" in long "chains". sugars linked together be condensation synthesis
- examples:
- starch(energy stared in plants),
- cellulose (plant cell walls),
- glycogen (stored in muscles/liver)
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Term
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Definition
Triglycerides, phosolipids, & cholesterol
-Trigly are 3 fatty acids in a group. Types of fatty acides are satured and unsatured.
-Phosolipids form cell membranes and are 2 fatty acids combined with a phosphate group. helps form cell membrane
-Cholesterol is a membrane structure & chemical messenger (sex hormone) |
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Term
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Definition
dehydration synthesis (the same as condensation synthesis) and form peptide bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
energy to start reactions |
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Term
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Definition
- single bonds, join carbon atoms,filled with hydrogen atoms
- example: solid, animal fat
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Term
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Definition
double bonds, join same carbon atoms.
example: liquids, many come from plants |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Structures of Protein (primary, secondary, tertiary) |
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Definition
- Primary-sequence of amino acids
- Secondary-twist in amino chain
- Tertiary-bonding between adjacent amino acids(determines 3-D shape and function)
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Term
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Definition
- protein catalysts
- they work on substrate molecules
- not used up in a reaction
- specific(only works for one type of reaction)
- destroyed by high temperature.
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Term
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Definition
when a substrate is changed. can be broken down or combined with another molecule to make something new |
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Term
Enzyme Inhibitors (things that slow down or stop the activity of an enzyme) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
proposed model of DNA in 1853. (double helix) |
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Term
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Definition
discovered DNA in late 1800's |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Bases are bonded together by...... |
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Definition
dioxyribose sugar:
A=T
C=G |
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Term
The sequence of the nucleotide pairs.... |
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Definition
is the code that controls production of all the organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
- double strand
- composed of nucleotides
- base Uracil replaces thymine (bonds with adenine)
- ribose=sugar
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Term
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Definition
- Adenosine, Triphosphate
- structure similar to nucleic acids
- P's in a circle is ATP
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Term
Smallest to largest: atom,cell,electron,molecule |
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Definition
electron, atom, molecule, cell |
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Term
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Definition
nonionic compounds are converted into ions |
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Term
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Definition
atoms of the same element that have different # of neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
involves the nucleus,common chemical reactions do not include the nucleus but only the electrons |
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Term
3 ways an atom can fill it's valence shell |
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Definition
- atoms can lose electrons
- atoms can gain electrons
- atoms can share electrons
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Term
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Definition
created when 2 atoms share electrons. (strongest bond)
2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen is removed |
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Term
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Definition
weaker than covalent bonds, happens when oppositely charged ions encounter each other, easily formed and broken |
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Term
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Definition
- doesnt involve gaining,losing,or sharing electrons.
- important to cellular functions.
- occurs between polar functions. weaker than ionic bonds.
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Term
The structure of molecules determine..... |
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Definition
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Term
Condensation Synthesis (same thing as dehydration) |
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Definition
joining 2 water molecules be removing water |
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Term
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Definition
inserts a water molecule between 2. "cut with water" |
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Term
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Definition
- function:stores extra glucose
- structure:long straight chains of glucose;glucose molecules face the same way
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Term
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Definition
- functions: forms cell walls
- structure: long straight chains of glucose; glucose molecules are flipped over
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Term
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Definition
- function: stores glucose in the liver
- structure: long branching chains of glucose
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Term
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Definition
- function: structural polyssacharide
- structure: long chains of glucose but with molecular substitution in each of the glusose rings
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Term
______ do not contain any charged functional group and is nonpolar. (one of 4 macromolecules) |
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Definition
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Term
A covalent bond forms by____ |
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Definition
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Term
Monoglyceride,Diglyceride,and Tryglyceride |
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Definition
if the lipid has 1 fatty acid is is a mono-, 2 is di- and 3 is tri- |
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Term
Cholesterol is responsible.... |
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Definition
for the formation of plaques in smaller arteries causing blockage |
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Term
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Definition
a long chain of amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
water molecules sticking together |
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Term
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Definition
when water sticks to other substances |
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Term
5 Characteristics of Water |
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Definition
- cells are 70-95% water
- has 3 states
- universal solvent
- polar
- surface tension
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