Term
| Explain how an amino acid can be classified based on net charge: |
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Definition
| Zwitterions (dipolar ions) are the amino acids with no carboxy or amino group attached and has no net charge. Once a carboxy group or amino group is added, the net charge of the amino acid can change to positive or negative or remain neutral. |
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Term
| Explain how an amino acid can be classified based on polarity: |
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Definition
| polarity is determined by side chain group of the amino acid. |
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Term
| During protein digestion, peptides are broken into free amino acids mainly __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most amino acids are absorbed from the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| which regulatory peptides in the pancreatic phase of digestion activate the release of brush border enzymes such as enteropeptidase? |
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Definition
| cholecystokinin and secretin |
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Term
| what is the importance of the gamma glutamyl cycle? |
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Definition
| It transports amino acids through membranes of renal tubular cells, erythrocytes and neurons. Glutathione acts as a carrier of selected neutral amino acids into cells. |
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Term
| What are the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)? |
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Definition
| isoleucine, leucine, and valine. |
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Term
| What are the aromatic amino acids catabolized primarily in the liver? |
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Definition
| Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan |
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Term
| What are the sulfur containing amino acids catabolized in the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the nitrogen-containing compounds that indicate muscle mass and muscle/protein catabolism? |
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Definition
| creatinine and 3-methyhistidine. Excretion of creatinine is a refliction of muscle mass because it is the degradation product of creatine. 3- methylhistidine indicates muscle degradation. |
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