Term
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Definition
psychoactive drugs which improve either mental or physical functions or both
cause enhance alertness, wakefulness, locomotion, and euphoria
used medicinally and also recreationally |
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Term
| attention deficit disorder |
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Definition
distracted with difficulty focusing on a task
easily bored, trouble completing assignments, don't listen, daydream |
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Term
| attention deficit and hyperactivity disoder |
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Definition
ADD+
hyperactivity: fidget, talk nonstop, move around, trouble sitting still, difficulty with quiet time |
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Term
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Definition
genetic (risk-takers, anxiety-prone, gene variants)
environment (smoking, alcohol, lead exposure)
brain trauma
society (education, development) |
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Term
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Definition
lesser levels in those with ADD/ADHD
dopamine turns on motivation, goal directed behavior, attention, and rule following |
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Term
| how do you treat ADD/ADHD? |
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Definition
dopamine to increase brain activity in the cortex
psychostimulants: Rittalin, Adderall |
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Term
| how do you increase dopamine in the synapse? |
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Definition
increase the release of dopamine
bind to receptor as a dopamine agonist
stop reuptake of dopamine
prevent enzymatic degradation of dopamine |
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Term
| how do stimulants affect dopamine in the synapse? |
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Definition
Adderall binds to the dopamine reuptake transporter and enzymes which break down dopamine
Ritalin binds to enzymes and prevents breakdown of dopamine |
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Term
| side effects of psychostimulants |
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Definition
addiction
fatal overdose
dry mouth
irritability
insomnia
loss of appetite
headache |
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Term
| abuse of psychostimulants |
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Definition
Students #1
dieters
athletes
meth/cocaine addicts |
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Term
| social construct theory of ADHD |
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Definition
environment may influence behavior
these traits are variants of normal behaviors, and these are traits that everyone displays sometimes
boundary between normal and ADHD is subjective
our society rewards passivity and order |
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Term
| differences between Ritalin and Cocaine |
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Definition
state of user (ADD has low dopamine)
routes of administration
dose
how they work
how pure they are
side effects addictiveness |
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Term
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Definition
being broken down in the digestive tract and being metabolized by the liver before entering circulation, which reduces the effectiveness of the drug
oral- less effective
snort
injected/smoked- most effective |
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Term
| how does meth/cocaine effect dopamine? |
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Definition
stimulates the dopamine nuerons
facilitates the release of dopamine from the vesicles
reverses the reuptake of dopamine
prevents the breakdown of dopamine by enzymes |
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Term
| cocaine/meth side effects |
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Definition
increased heart rate
increased BP
vomiting
nausea
fatigue
restlessness
fatal overdose |
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Term
| what NT is responsible for cocaine side effects? |
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Definition
norepinephrine- sympathetic responses
also affected, in addition to dopamine |
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Term
| why is cocaine potentially dangerous? |
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Definition
| you feel euphoria during the first phases of early stimulation and advanced stimulation, and so you don't realize you are reaching a premorbid state |
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Term
| what other drugs substantially increase the risk of cocaine overdose? |
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Definition
heroin
alcohol
ecstasy (MDMA) |
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Term
| properties of hallucinogens |
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Definition
phantastica- create a world of fantasy
psychedelic- see your own mind
psychotomimetic- produce dangerous effects, and a form of mental disorder
entheogen- create spiritual or religious experiences |
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Term
| three types of hallucinogens |
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Definition
serotonin-ike
dopamine-like
anticholingeric (acetylcholine) |
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Term
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Definition
ketamine
acts on NDMA receptors |
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Term
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Definition
hallucinogens
sedatives
dissociatives
stimulants
entactogens/empathogens |
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Term
| serotonin-like hallucinogens |
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Definition
act on serotonin receptors in the brain
LSD
Psilocybin (mushrooms)
Bufotenin (toads)
DMT (ayuhasca- religious tea) |
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Term
| dopamine-like hallucinogens |
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Definition
mescaline (peyote)- religious practice
amphetamine
DOM
MDMA (ecstasy) |
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Term
|
Definition
act on acetylcholine receptors
come from the potato family:
belladonna
henbane
mandrake
datura
come from other plants:
atropine
scopolamine
L-hyosycamine
thought to have healing powers |
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Term
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Definition
rohypnol (roofies)
work on GABA receptors to increase GABA signal activity, aka increased inhibition
benzodiazepine, so a CNS depressant
when taken with alcohol, can lead to anterograde amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
main action to cause serotonin stores in the brain to be released during a 4-5 hour high
originally comes from Sassafrass tree, made illegal in '85
potential treatment for PTSD
hangover 24-48 hours after usage
long-term effects, such as impairment of learning/memory, depression/anxiety, insomnia, and decrease in serotonergic activity
problems can worsen with age |
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Term
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Definition
mimics the NT ACl
affects both sympathetic and parasympathetic sysetms
causes release of epinephrine from adrenal glands and CNS
causes dependence after prolonged usage |
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Term
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Definition
| nAChRs (nicotinic ACl receptors) become desensitized after lengthy exposure to nicotine |
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Term
| benefits of nicotine consumption |
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Definition
| possible treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease |
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Term
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Definition
cancers
emphysema
heart disease |
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Term
|
Definition
Americas, essential to some Native American cultures for religious and medicinal purposes
popularized in Europe in 15th century
first cigarette rolling machine patented 1880 |
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Term
| therapies for nicotine addiction |
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Definition
counseling to help with psychological addiction
nicotine replacement therapy- pathces, gum, inhaler, lozenge, e-cig
drugs- Zyban as anti depressant, Chantix to lessen pleasure of smoking |
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Term
| types of tobacco products |
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Definition
bidis
cigarette
cigars
electronic cigarettes
hookah
kreteks
smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff) |
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Term
| methods of curing tobacco |
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Definition
air (hung in a barn)
fire (hung with fire underneath)
flue (hung with fire, only exposed to heat, not smoke)
sun (hung in the open |
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Term
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Definition
cannabis sativa (hemp)
cannabis indica (medical/recreational)
cannabis ruderalis (lowest THC, hardiest plant) |
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Term
| 2 endogenous cannabinoids |
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Definition
anandamide/bliss- binds to CB1 and CB2 receptors; involved in feeding behavior, motivation, and pleasure
2-AG- binds to CB1 receptors; regulates food intake/energy expenditure |
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Term
| where are cannabinoid receptors found? |
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Definition
CB1 receptors mostly in the brain- also liver, lungs, fat tissue, muscle, kidneys, and GI tract
CB2 receptors- mainly in immune system cells, also in brain |
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Term
| methods of administration for marijuana |
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Definition
combustion
vaporization
edibles |
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Term
| diseases that have potential for treatment with weed |
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Definition
MS
Cancer/AIDS
Asthma
IBS
Glaucoma
Epilepsy
Stress
Depression/Anxiety |
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Term
| risks associated with marijuana use |
|
Definition
increased heart rate
more carcinogens than cigarettes (no filter)
decreases fertility
dangerous for infant/young development
increases reaction time |
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Term
| ways to test for marijuana use |
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Definition
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Term
| scheduled class for marijuana |
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Definition
now a Schedule I, push to move down for research
purposes
lower classes (4-5) are more abused |
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Term
|
Definition
active chemicals in cannabis plants
over 85 types
dissolve in fat |
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Term
|
Definition
THC- binds to CB1 receptors in the brain
Cannabidiol- prevents binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors)
Cannbinol- breaks down THC |
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