Term
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Definition
Cells are basic living units of organization and function in all organisms.
All cells come from other cells. |
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Term
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Definition
No Nucleus
No Membrane Bound Organelles
examples: bacteria & achaea |
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Term
| Eukaryotic Cells-Plant cells |
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Definition
| Cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, rough er, smooth er, ribosomes, golgi complex, mitochondria, nucleus (nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus) |
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Term
| Eukaryotic Cells-Animal cells |
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Definition
| Plasma membrane, centrioles, rough er, smooth er, ribosomes, golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus (nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus) |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized metabolic compartments bound by a single membrane |
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Term
| Mitochondria & Chloroplasts |
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Definition
have a double membrane
contain their own DNA
proteins are made of free ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| organelles that contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Functions: support, motility, regulation
Components: Microtubules, intermediate filament, microfilament, plasma membrane |
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Term
| Mitosis: in somatic cells (growth, maintenance, repair) |
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Definition
2 identicle daughter cells
Interphase: relaxed, sketti bowl(G1, S Phase, G2)
M Phase
Prophase: Preparing, sister chromatids, nuclear membrane breaking down.
Metaphase: Midplane, centrioles pair at spindle poles
Anaphase: coming apart, moving toward poles
Telephase: reforming nuclear envelope, twins, clevage furrow.
Cytokensis: forms 2 seperate daughter cells. |
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Term
| Cytokensis in plant cells vs. animal cells |
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Definition
Animal Cells: cleveage furrown during telephase seperates cells.
Plant Cells: vesicles gather on midplane to form cell plate. |
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Term
| Meiosis: in sex cells (produce gametes (egg/sperm) |
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Definition
Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes pair and seperate into sister chromatids
Meiosis II: Sister chromatids seperate into 4 haploid cells (animals:gametes/ plants/spores) |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which cells generate ATP through a series of redox reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| complex substances are broken down to form simpler substances |
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Term
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Definition
Kinetic: motion
Heat: thermal
Potential: position
Chemical: chemical |
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Term
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Definition
1st Law: energy of the universe is constant
2nd Law: energy can only change forms |
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Term
| ATP: adenosine triphosphate |
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Definition
| type of nucleotide, powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions |
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Term
| A cell does 3 main kinds of work |
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Definition
| Mechanical, Transport, Chemical |
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Term
| Enzymes: Biological catalysts |
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Definition
| most are proteins, some types of RNA molecules have catalytic activity as well |
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Term
| Stages of Cellular Respiration |
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Definition
Glycolosis: breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate
Intermediate step: pyruate converted to Acetyl CoA
Citric Acid Cycle: completes breakdown of glucose
Oxidative phosphorylation: most of ATP synthesis |
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Term
| Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration |
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Definition
enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen.
Yeast produces ethyl alcohol (ethanol) in anaerobic respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| If human muscles have no oxygen, cells produce lactic acid. |
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