Term
14.1 Archimedes’ statement, “Give me a place to stand--and I shall move the world” implies the importance of
A) an anchor to generate force against.
B) tools
C) gravity
D) electricity
E) electrons |
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Definition
| an anchor to generate force against. |
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14.2 Muscles are anchored to bones by ____________.
A) glycogen
B) fat
C) tendons
D) ligaments
E) cartilage |
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Definition
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14.3 Red blood cells are formed in the
A) liver
B) heart
C) kidney
D) bone marrow
E) vena cava |
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14.4. Red blood cell formation in the bone marrow is stimulated by erythropoietin produced by the:x
A) liver.
B) satellite cells.
C) kidney.
D) fast twitch muscles.
E) slow twitch muscles. |
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Definition
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14.5 The extracellular matrix of bones is made out of
A) calcium
B) phosphate
C) collagen
D) all of the above
E) both 1 and 2 |
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Definition
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14.6 Place the following in order from smaller to bigger:
A) actin, sarcomere, muscle fiber, muscle
B) sarcomere, muscle fiber, muscle, actin
C) muscle, sarcomere, muscle fiber actin
D) actin, muscle fiber, sarcomere, muscle
E) actin, muscle, muscle fiber, sarcomere |
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Definition
| actin, muscle fiber, sarcomere, muscle |
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Term
14.7 The energy available from ATP hydrolysis appeared smaller the energy needed for muscle contraction because
A) Muscles do not obey the First Law of Thermodynamics
B) Muscles do not obey the Second Law of Thermodynamics
C) The ATP is continuously replenished from creatine phosphate
D) The ATP comes from glycolysis only
E) The ATP comes from cellular respiration |
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Definition
| The ATP is continuously replenished from creatine phosphate |
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14.8 The observations that the A band stayed the same size during contraction while the I band became shorter led to the:
A) sliding filament model
B) elastic actin model
C) elastic myosin model
D) elastic actomyosin model
E) I-A model of contraction |
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Definition
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14.9. The husband and wife team of Vladimir Engelhardt and Militza Lyubimova violated one of the canons of biochemistry in the 1930s by:
A) isolating a soluble enzyme
B) looking for enzyme activity in the insoluble residue
C) isolating digestive enzymes
D) isolating insulin
E) isolating glucagons |
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Definition
| looking for enzyme activity in the insoluble residue |
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Term
14.10 Myosin is
A) an enzyme found in gastric juice
B) an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands
C) an enzyme secreted by the small intestine
D) an enzyme secreted by the pancreas
E) a mechanochemical transducer that couples the chemical energy of ATP to the mechanical energy of contraction |
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Definition
| a mechanochemical transducer that couples the chemical energy of ATP to the mechanical energy of contraction |
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Term
14.11. Rigor mortis results from
A) an overproduction of ATP
B) the lack of ATP
C) the conversion of creatine phosphate into ATP
D) a stimulation of glycolysis
E) a stimulation of cellular respiration |
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Definition
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14.12 Fast twitch muscles rely on ____________respiration for energy while slow twitch muscles rely on_________ respiration.
A) anaerobic, aerobic
B) anaerobic, anaerobic
C) aerobic, aerobic
D) aerobic, anaerobic
E) none of the above |
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14.13 Fast twitch muscles store energy as ____________while slow twitch muscles store energy as_________.
A) fat, glycogen
B) protein, glycogen
C) glycogen, protein
D) glycogen, fat
E) protein, fat |
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Definition
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14.13 Fast twitch muscles are well suited for ____________while slow twitch muscles are well suited for_________.
A) endurance, sprinting
B) sprinting, endurance
C) urination, defecation
D) defecation, urination
E) none of the above |
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14.14 Which of the following are characteristics of slow twitch muscles?
A) contains lots of myoglobin
B) contains many capillaries
C) contains many mitochondria
D) can be used continuously
E) all of the above |
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Definition
| contains lots of myoglobin |
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Term
14.15 Muscles feel tired due to the buildup of
A) bicarbonate
B) citric acid
C) carbon dioxide
D) actinic acid
E) lactic acid |
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Definition
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14.16. Muscle degeneration characterizes:
A) muscular dystrophy
B) diabetes
C) pellagra
D) scurvy
E) tuberculosis |
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Definition
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4.17. ____________results in an increase in muscle mass due to the proliferation and fusion of satellite cells with muscle fibers.
A) myostatin
B) insulin
C) insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1)
D) glucagon
E) parathyroid hormone |
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Definition
| insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) |
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Term
4-18. Bulls, whippets and humans who have twice the body mass of an average member of their species likely have a mutation in the:
A) collagen gene.
B) actomyosin gene.
C) myosin gene.
D) actin gene.
E) myostatin gene. |
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Definition
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4-19. Enhancing an athlete’s performance by inserting a gene that stimulates the buildup of muscle mass is known as:
A) gene silencing.
B) gene splicing.
C) gene doping.
D) gene racing.
E) gene running. |
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A) fat tissue
B) skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
D) cardiac muscle
E) the organs in the digestive tract |
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Definition
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14.24. Raising the body while standing on tiptoes is an example of a ____________.
A) first class lever
B) second class lever
C) third class lever
D) movement that requires the biceps
E) movement that requires the triceps |
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Definition
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14.25. The head is an example of a ____________.
A) first class lever
B) second class lever
C) third class lever
D) movement that requires the biceps
E) movement that does not require myosin |
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Definition
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14.26. The forearm is an example of a ______________.
A) first class lever
B) second class lever
C) third class lever
D) movement that does not require ATP
E) movement that does not require actin |
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