Term
20.1. Viruses could cause _______________ between taxa, making us all part of the same genetic web.
A) vertical gene transfer
B) horizontal gene transfer
C) diagonal gene transfer
D) horizontal protein transfer
E) vertical protein transfer |
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20.2. A __________is a small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that replicates faster than their large DNA molecule or “chromosome”.
A) mitochondrial DNA
B) bactovirus
C) bacteriophage
D) plasmid
E) phage |
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Definition
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20.3. Bacteria produce ______________ to protect itself against viral attack.
A) reverse transcriptase
B) restriction enzymes
C) DNA ligase
D) DNA polymerase
E) RNA polymerase |
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Definition
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20.4. A ____________________recognizes a sequence of 4-8 nucleotides in any DNA and cut the DNA within that sequence.
A) reverse transcriptase
B) restriction enzyme
C) DNA ligase
D) DNA polymerase
E) RNA polymerase |
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Definition
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20.5. DNA moves within an electrophoresis unit toward the positive pole because
A) the DNA is positively charged
B) the DNA is negatively charged
C) the DNA is hydrophobic
D) the DNA is nonpolar
E) the DNA is made out of purines and pyrimidines |
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Definition
| the DNA is negatively charged |
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Term
20.6. Making DNA from RNA requires an enzyme known as __________________.
A) reverse translatase
B) forward transcriptase
C) reverse transcriptase
D) DNA polymerase
E) RNA polymerase |
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Definition
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20.7. _______________ without introns is made from messenger RNA.
A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) rDNA
D) cDNA
E) PCR |
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Definition
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20.8. The Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium is often used to transform_____________.
A) E. coli
B) bacteria
C) plants
D) pigs
E) cows |
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Definition
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20.9. In situ hybridization can be used to:
A) transfer electrons to cytochrome c
B) breed plants in a common garden
C) locate proteins in the mitochondria
D) locate DNA polymerase
E) locate genes on chromosomes |
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Definition
| locate genes on chromosomes |
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Term
20.10. Which of the follow associations is true?
A) virus, bacteria; agrobacterium, plant; phage, animal
B) phage, bacteria; virus, plant; virus, animal
C) phage, bacteria; virus, plant/agrobacterium, animal
D) agrobacterium, bacteria; virus, plant; phage, animal
E) phage, bacteria; agrobacterium, plant; virus, animal |
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Definition
| phage, bacteria; agrobacterium, plant; virus, animal |
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Term
20.11. Restriction enzymes
A) edit proteins. B) cut DNA at specific sites. C) stop transcription. D) bind together strands of DNA. E) bind RNA fragments together. |
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Definition
| cut DNA at specific sites. |
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Term
20.12. "Sticky ends" are
A) produced by the action of DNA ligase. B) produced by PCR. C) always long sequences of a single nucleotide. D) used by mRNA to attach to ribosomes. E) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends. |
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Definition
| DNA fragments with single-stranded ends. |
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Term
20.13. _________________ is known as a molecular scissors.
A) Antiparallel transcriptase
B) Reverse transcriptase
C) DNA polymerase
D) DNA ligase
E) A restriction enzyme |
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Definition
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20.14. An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that
A) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase. B) the resulting DNA strand will lack exons. C) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase. D) the resulting DNA strand will lack introns. E) for bacteria, RNA is the genetic material. |
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Definition
| the resulting DNA strand will lack introns. |
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Term
20.15. If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, etc., from your body behind because if you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by __________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.
A) ATP B) PCR C) blotting D) RFLP E) reverse transcriptase |
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Definition
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20.16. The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant __________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.
A) plasmids B) phages C) mRNA D) restriction enzymes E) DNA polymerase molecules |
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Definition
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20.17. What is the advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin?
A) Human insulin is more variable than other sources of insulin, so cloning would provide a greater chance of obtaining a form that can be used by the diabetic's muscles. B) There are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin. C) Human insulin is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction than cow or pig insulin. D) Cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months. E) Using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the diabetic can be weaned from a dependence on insulin. |
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Definition
| Human insulin is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction than cow or pig insulin. |
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20.18. Below are two sets of data for paternity tests for two unrelated families that include the alleles of the mother (M), the father (F) and the child (C).
A) F is not excluded from being the father of the child in set 1, but F is excluded from being the father of the child in set 2
B) F is not excluded from being the father of the child in set 2, but F is excluded from being the father of the child in set 1
C) F is not excluded from being the father of the child in set 1, and F is not excluded from being the father of the child in set 2
D) F is excluded from being the father of the child in set 1 and F is excluded from being the father of the child in set 2
E) ask the milkman |
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Definition
| C) F is not excluded from being the father of the child in set 1, and F is not excluded from being the father of the child in set 2 |
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20.19. Human growth hormone ____________________.
A) is produced by growing children
B) is not produced in sufficient quantity in very short people
C) can be produced in bacteria through recombinant DNA techniques
D) is used to prevent or reverse aging
E) all of the above |
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20.20. _____________can be used to produce millions of copies of a DNA without a living organism.
A) LSD
B) PCR
C) HDL
D) HGH
E) LDL |
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20.21. Without a deficiency in _______________, the story of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs would not have been possible.
A) secretin
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) erythropoietin
E) human growth hormone |
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