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Definition
| A chemical messenger that influences cells in the vicinity |
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Term
| Signal Transduction Pathway |
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Definition
| A mechanism linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a specific celular response |
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Definition
| Compounds that stimulate nearby target cells to grow and multiply |
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Definition
| Numerous cells can simultaneously receive and respond to the molecules of growth factor produced by a single cell in their vicinity |
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Definition
| In multicellular organisms, on of many types of circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells to change their functioning |
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Definition
| The target cell's detection (by binding to a receptor protein) of a signal molecule from outside the cell |
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Definition
| The conversion of a signal from outside the cell to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response. |
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Definition
| The change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transduced signal from outside the cell |
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Definition
| A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule |
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Definition
| Control which genes are transcribed into mRNA in a particular cell at a particular time (proteins) |
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Definition
| A GTP-binding protein that relays signals from a plasma membrane signal receptor,(G-protein-linked receptor) to other signal transduction proteins inside the cell; When such a receptor is activated, it in turn activates the G protein, causing it to bind a molecule of GTP in place of GDP; Hydrolysis of the bound GTP to GDP inactivates the G protein |
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Definition
| A receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding of a signal molecule by catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosines on the cytoplasmic side of the receptor. The phosphorylated tyrosines activate other signal transduction proteins within the cell |
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Definition
| A protein pore in the plasma membrane that opens or closes in response to a chemical signal, allowing or blocking the flow of specific ions |
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Definition
| An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein |
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Definition
| An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase |
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Definition
| A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signal received by a signal receptor protein |
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Definition
| Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ring-shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule (2nd messenger) in eukaryotic cells); it is also a regulator of some bacterial operons |
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Definition
| An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a chemical signal |
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Term
| Inositol Trisphosphate(Ip3) |
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Definition
| A second messenger that functions as an intermediate between certain nonsteroid hormones and a third messenger, a rise in cytophasmic CA concentration |
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Definition
| A second messenger produced by the cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane |
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Definition
| A type of large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached to increase the efficiency of signal transduction |
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Definition
| A specialized type of local signaling occurs in animal nervous systems |
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