Term
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Definition
| Bacteria are (eukaryotic/prokaryotic)? |
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Term
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Definition
| Archaea are (eukaryotic/prokaryotic)? |
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Term
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Definition
| Include many extremophiles, living in extreme habitats. |
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Term
ETHER-LINKED
MORE RESISTANT TO DAMAGE BY EXTREME CONDITIONS
(heat, pH, salinity)
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Definition
| Membrane lipids in Archaea are different than bacteria and eukaryotes because? |
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Term
HYPERTHERMOPHILES
domain archaea
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Definition
_____ -- extreme temperatures.
Methanopyrus in deep-sea hydrothermal vents (98o)
Sulfolobus in sulfur hot springs. |
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Term
HALOPHILES
domain archaea
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Definition
____ -- extreme salinities
-salt evaporation ponds, red color due to rhodopsins in membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Some extremophiles, most live in moderate conditions.
~50 phyla (ex: proteobacteria, cyanobacteria) |
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Term
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Definition
Diverse.
Ancestors of mitochondria.
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Term
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Definition
Example of proteobacteria:
Nitrogen-fixing in legume roots. |
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Term
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Definition
Example of proteobacteria:
Cancer-like galls in plants. |
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Term
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Definition
Example of proteobacteria:
Cholera from contaminated drinking water. |
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Term
| Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli |
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Definition
| Human proteobacteria disease example. |
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Term
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Definition
Photosynthetic; oxygen producing
Ancestors of chloroplasts in algae, plants
Unicells, colonies, filaments |
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Term
PRODUCE OXYGEN, ORGANIC CARBON, FIXED NITROGEN
BLOOMS MAY PRODUCE HARMFUL TOXINS
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Definition
| Benefits/harm of Cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Structures in Bacteria & Archaea:
Contain thylakoids, intracellular tubules containing photosynthetic pigments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intracellular tubules containing photosynthetic pigments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gas vesicle structures aiding in buoyancy of bacteria and archaea. |
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Term
MAGNETOSPRILLIUM
STRUCTURE IN BACTERIA & ARCHAEA |
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Definition
| Magnetosomes, magnetite crystals acting as a compass needle (orientation to locate submerged, low-oxygen habitats) |
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Term
COCCI - SPHERICAL
BACILLI - RODS
VIBRIOS - COMMASHAPED
SPIROCHAETES - FLEXIBLE SPIRALS
SPIRILLI - RIGID SPIRALS
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Definition
bacterial cell shapes:
Cocci - ____
Bacilli - ____
Vibrios - ____
Spirochaetes - ____
Spirilli - ____ |
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Term
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Definition
Many bacteria & archaea contain slimy _____ outside cell wall.
- help disease bacteria evade defense system of host (thick capsule)
-hold colonial cells together
-prevent desiccation
-formation of biofilms |
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Term
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Definition
Aggregations of microorganisms that secrete adhesive mucilage
Stabilize and enrich soil surfaces
Harmful when forming on animal tissues
-dental plaque acid secretion |
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Term
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Definition
____ cell wall of bacteria & archaea surrounds plasma membrane.
Maintain ____ ____, protection in avoiding _____ under hypotonic conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
contain peptidogylcan
gram-positive or gram-negative |
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Term
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Definition
| thick peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell walls that respond differently to antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell wall enclosed by lipopolysaccharide envelope; responds differently to antibiotics. |
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Term
CRYSTAL VIOLET - PRIMARY STAIN (PURPLE)
IODINE - MORDANT
ALCOHOL - DECOLORIZER
SAFRANIN - COUNTERSTAIN (PINK)
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Definition
Gram staining:
Crystal violet - _____
Iodine - _____
Alcohol - _____
Safranin - _____ |
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Term
PROKARYOTIC FLAGELLA
spin to propel cell
motor, hook, filament
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Definition
| Bacteria and archaea motility structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Threadlike appendages that allow attachement during conjugation or gliding across surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
Thick-walled cells that survive unfavorable conditions in dormant state.
Large, food-filled cells in filamentous cyanobacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
Thick-walled cells that survive unfavorable conditions in dormant state.
Tough protein coats produced inside bacterial cells, released when surrounding cell dies; germinate during favorable conditions. |
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Term
ANTHRAX
TETANUS FROM SOIL
BOTULISM IN CANNED FOODS
toxins cause respiratory and muscular paralysis
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Definition
| Human diseases from endospores. |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria and archaea have diverse ways of obtaining ____ & ____.
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Term
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Definition
| produce own organic molecules from inorganic sources |
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Term
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Definition
| use light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source |
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Term
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Definition
| use inorganic compounds as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source |
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Term
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Definition
| obtain organic compounds from other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| use light energy to generate ATP but must take in organic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| must obtain organic molecules for both energy and carbons sources |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| undergo aerobic or anaerobic respiration, depending on O2 availability |
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Term
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Definition
| only undergo anaerobic respiration and are poisoned by O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| only undergo anaerobic respiration but are not poisoned by O2 |
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Term
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Definition
undergo nitrogen fiation
-converts N2 into NH3, utilized by plants
many cyanobacteria and other microbes; Rhizobium in roote nodules of legumes. |
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Term
NITROGENASE
OXYGEN
LOW-OXYGEN
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Definition
Enzyme _____ responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Inhibited by _____.
Most diazotrophs conduct nitrogen fixation under ___ _____ conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| thick-walled specialized cells in cyanobacteria for nitrogen fixation |
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Term
| AUTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS THAT PRODUCE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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Definition
| producers of carbon cycle |
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Term
SAPROBES
BREAK DOWN DEAD ORGANISMS
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Definition
| decomposers (____) of carbon cycle |
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Term
METHANOGENS
METHANOTROPHS
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Definition
____ produce methane in carbon cycle
____ consume methane in carbon cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms live in close association |
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Term
MUTUALISM
symbiotic microbes
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Definition
both organisms benefit
-nitrogen-fixing bacteria roots
-bioluminescent bacteria in marine animals
-human intestinal microbes |
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Term
HUMAN MICROBIOME
symbiotic microbes
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Definition
All of the microbes found on human skin, digestive and reproductive systems.
Co-evolved with human metabolism.
10-100 trillion microbes in human colon. |
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Term
SYNTROPHY
symbiotic microbes |
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Definition
| one species lives off of products of another |
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Term
CONSORTIA
symbiotic microbes
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Definition
communities of many microbial species with metabolic change
-marine worm Olavius algarvensis -no mouth, gut, anus -- bacterial consortium provides food and recycles waste |
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Term
PARASITISM
symbiotic microbes
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Definition
organism obtains organic compounds from living host
-pathonogenic bacteria |
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Term
cheese, yogurt
-bacteria ferment milk surgar and produce lactic acid
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Definition
| industrial applications of microbes in food industry |
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Term
BIOREMEDIATION
using microbes to remove pollutants
also: vinegar, insulin, vaccines, antibiotics |
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Definition
| industrial applications of microbes in waste treatement |
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