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Biology
Chapter 2
38
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/02/2014

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Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that has a mass and takes up space
Term
Compound
Definition
Combination 2 different elements in fixed ratio
Term
Carbon
Definition
Building blocks of light
Term
Essential Elements
Definition
O(xygen), N(itrogen), C(arbon),
H(ydrogen)
Term
Trace Elements
Definition
Required for life
Term
Protons
Definition
+1 charge
Term
Electrons
Definition
-1 charge
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Neutral
Term
Element
Definition
Substance that cannot be broken down
Term
Compound
Definition
Substance consisting of two or more elements
Term
Atoms
Definition
Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
Number of protons
Term
Mass Number
Definition
Sum of protons plus neutrons
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
Mass number is an approximation of the total mass of an atom
Term
Isotope
Definition
Different forms of elements
Term
Radioactive Isotopes
Definition
Number of protons and can change
Term
Stable Isotopes
Definition
Maintains properties
Term
Electrons
Definition
On shells and determines how they behave
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
Used energy
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
Stored Energy
Term
Energy
Definition
Capacity to do work
Term
Electron Distribution
Definition
Assume same number of electrons as protons
Term
Electron Shell
Definition
Energy level is correlated with its average distance from the nucleus
Term
Valence
Definition
Outer most
Term
Chemical Bonds
Definition
Share or transfer electrons
Term
Covalent Bonds
Definition
Sharing a pair of electrons by two atoms
Term
Molecule
Definition
Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
Term
Single Bond
Definition
Pair of shared electrons
Term
Double bond
Definition
Sharing two pars of electrons
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
Atoms in a molecule sharing electrons to varying degrees, where an attraction of particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
Term
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Definition
Electrons are shared equally, same electronegativity
Term
Polar Covalent Bond
Definition
Bond to more electronegative atom, not shared equally
Term
Ion
Definition
Charged atom
Term
Cation
Definition
Positively charged atom
Term
Anion
Definition
Negatively charged atom
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Fully polar charged atoms are bonded together through attraction
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
Between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom
Term
Van Der Waals
Definition
The charge is usually neutral but sometimes has partial charges
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