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Biomechanics
Chapter 4
23
Other
Undergraduate 3
09/30/2008

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Term
Bone Functions
Definition
  • Forms a rigid skeletal framework for the body.
  • Forms a system of levers. (rotates around axis of rotation)
Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
(Core), skull, ribs, sternum, vertabrae.
Term

Appendicular Skeleton

Definition
(appendages), clavicle, scapula, etc.
Term

Short bones:

Definition
cubical in shape/ Shock absorbers (carpals, tarsals, etc.)
Term
Flat:
Definition
protect organs & provide surfaces for muscle attachments. (ribs, skull, scapula)
Term
Irregular bones:
Definition
Have different shapes to serve different functions (vertebrae, maxilla)
Term
Long bone:
Definition
form the framwork of the appendicular skeleton, (humerus, radius, ulna, femur)
Term
Sesamoid:
Definition
Patella- embedded with a tendon.
Term

Metaphysis:

Definition
growth plate.(between epiphysis & diaphysis)
Term
Epiphysis:
Definition
end of long bone.
Term
Diaphysis:
Definition
Shaft of long bone
Term
Periosteum:
Definition
  • Dual layer membrane.
  • (Outer= tendons, Inner= cell growth)
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
bone cells that help build bone.
Term
Osteoclast
Definition
"cannibals" reabsorb old bone tissue
Term
Wolff's Law
Definition
The bone will respond as a function of the stress placed on it.
Term
Bone Hypertrophy
Definition
Growth of tissue (inrease in size)
Term
Bone Atrophy
Definition
drecreased calcium in the bone.
Term

Osteoporosis

Definition
  • The Damaging state of osteopenia. (pathological)
  • mostly in menopausal women
Term
Osteopenia
Definition
the presence thatn less the normal amount of bone.
Term

Fractures:

Definition

Disruption of continuity of bone separation into 2 or more pieces.

  1. Force/ Stress
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Other diseases (cancer)
Term
Simple:
Definition
Pieces of bone still in skin (closed).
Term
Compound:
Definition
Bone broken through skin. (open)
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