Term
| General info about Neurons |
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Definition
-sensory, motor,interneurons
-Parts of a neuron: axons, dendrites, cell body, axon terminals
-sensory info in/motor signals out/ memory circuits/ decision making/ intelligence/ neurons are "information processing" |
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Term
| What does a sensory Neuron do? |
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Definition
take in info from external environment and turn it into electrical signals
-specialized dendrite endings respond to light, motion, touch, and chemicals |
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Term
| what do motor neurons do? |
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Definition
| motor neurons have connections with muscle fibers through specialized axon endings |
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Term
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Definition
receive information from one directions and shoot it out in another direction
-input from "upstream" neuron
-output from "downstream" neuron |
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Definition
axons bringing info in (mnemonic: “ascending”
or “admit”) |
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Definition
| axons bringing info out (mnemonic: “exiting”) |
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Term
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Definition
-associated with planning and execution of voluntary movements
-if damaged, there will be problems in the planning and execution of these movements |
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Definition
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Definition
appears to be disproportionally larger than other parts of the brain in humans
-working memory, creativity, planning |
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Term
| Lobes of the Brain: Frontal Lobe |
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Definition
| higher order cognitive functions |
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Term
| Lobes of the Brain: parietal lobe |
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Definition
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Term
| Lobes of the Brain: Occipital lobe |
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Definition
| vision interpretation of visual stimuli |
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Definition
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Definition
role in memory; functioning long term memory
-navigation (spatial)
-1 on both sides of the brain |
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Definition
| relation to emotion and memory as emotional stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
Proposed by C. Owen Lovejoy @Kent State
-Links the advent of bipedality with a unique reproductive strategy |
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Term
| What are the hypotheses for primate brain evolution? |
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Definition
1. cognitive mapping hypothesis
2.Extractive Foraging Hypothesis
3. Social Intelligence hypothesis (Machiavellian intelligence) |
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Term
| What is the cognitive mapping hypothesis? |
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Definition
1 of the hypotheses for primate brain evolution,
seeking widely dispersed resources (fruit) favored increased cognitive ability |
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Term
| What is the Extractive Foraging Hypothesis? |
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Definition
1 of the the hypotheses for primate brain evolution
-seeking hidden food resources, such as insects or roots, increased cognitive ability |
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Term
| What is the social intelligence hypothesis? |
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Definition
1 of the hypotheses for primate brain evolution
-machiavellian intelligence
-living in groups promoted increased cognitive ability |
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Term
| What are the different hypotheses for human Brain evolution? |
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Definition
1. cognitive reserve hypothesis
2. general intelligence hypothesis
3. adapted intelligence hypothesis |
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Term
| What is the cognitive reserve hypothesis? |
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Definition
one of the hypotheses for human brain evolution
-larger brai buffers itself against injury or disease, increases longevity |
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Term
| What is the general intelligence hypothesis? |
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Definition
one of the hypotheses for human brain evolution
-larger brains give greater efficiency in many cognitive tasks |
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Term
| What is the adapted intelligence hypothesis? |
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Definition
one of the hypotheses for human brain evolution
-one or several specific evolutionary factors involved: tool use and/or hunting, ecological strategies, social or machiavellian intelligence |
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Term
| What is the Universal Grammar hypothesis? |
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Definition
-suggests a human-only genetically-based "language organ' in the brain
-language arose in humans sometime in the last 100,000 years
-all natural languages are expected to share certain features-this is the universal grammar |
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Term
| What are some anatomical features related to language? |
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Definition
1. humans have a lower larynx that increases the possibility of choking
2. human tongues are short and deep, allows humans to produce a wide variety of sounds
3. neural control of structures involved in speech are greater in humans |
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