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ancestral/primitive state |
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Similarity in derived characters |
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Consistent character
Congruent character
Conflicting / Homoplastic character
Compatible or not compatible? |
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Monophyletic vs paraphyletic |
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Definition
A paraphyletic group is a group of any size and systematic rank that originated from a single common ancestor, but does not – as opposed to a monophyletic group – contain all descendants from this ancestor. The ancestral species of this group is thus also the ancestor of one or more other groups. |
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What does CI value equal to one describe?
CI = M / S |
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RI - retention index
RI = observed steps / possible steps |
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Definition
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Maximal lenght - actual length = Max # steps - # steps Maximal lenght-minimum length Max # steps - #characters
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[image]
Hvilken er derived og hvilken ancestral? |
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Hvem gjør hva? og hvilke leder til gaps?
1) Substitution
2) insertion
3)deletion |
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Definition
1) A blir G
2) AT blir A GG T
3) AAATG blir ATG
2) og 3) |
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Tree searching algorithm
Measure of character fit
Consensus tre
Branch support |
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How do you root a tree in parsimony? |
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start: unrooted tree with three taxa, add one taxa and choose the best and so on? |
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Heuristic method is what? |
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Definition
Istedenfor exact, så bygger vi på og fortsetter kun på det beste treet tilgjengelig ved et gitt steg. Dette garanterer ikke at det beste treet blir funnet, da kan vi gjøre flere tilfeldig startpunkt og dermed utforske landskapet bedre.
RAS |
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Consensus tree
strict vs semi strict vs majority rule |
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Definition
strict - continue only with the groups that occur in all the MTP´s
semistrict - same as strict, but
majority rule - include clades that are represented more than a given percentage |
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Definition
no branch lengths; shows only branching order
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Definition
branch lengths ~ number of substitutions
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branch lengths ~ evolutionary time
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