Shared Flashcard Set

Details

BIOS5312
science
21
Other
Post-Graduate
04/12/2023

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Apomorphy 

Definition

 

 

 

Derived character state

Term

 

 

 

Synapomorphy

 

Definition

 

 

 

Shared character state

Term

 

 

 

Plesiomorphism

Definition

 

 

 

 

ancestral/primitive state

Term

 

 

 

Automorphism

Definition

 

 

Derived character state

Term

¨

 

 

Homoplasy

Definition

 

 

 

Similarity in derived characters

Term

 

 

Consistent character

Congruent character

Conflicting / Homoplastic character

 

Compatible or not compatible?

Definition

 

 

 

Compatible

Term

 

 

 

Monophyletic vs paraphyletic

Definition

 

 

A paraphyletic group is a group of any size and systematic rank that originated from a single common ancestor, but does not – as opposed to a monophyletic group – contain all descendants from this ancestor. The ancestral species of this group is thus also the ancestor of one or more other groups.

Term

 

 

What does CI value equal to one describe?

 

CI = M / S

Definition

 

 

No homoplasy

Term

 

 

RI -  retention index

 

RI = observed steps / possible steps

Definition
  1. Maximal lenght - actual length = Max # steps - # steps Maximal lenght-minimum length Max # steps - #characters

Term

[image]

Hvilken er derived og hvilken ancestral?

Definition
[image]
Term

Hvem gjør hva? og hvilke leder til gaps?

1) Substitution

2) insertion

3)deletion

Definition

 

1) A blir G

2) AT blir A GG T

3) AAATG blir ATG

 

2) og 3)

Term
[image]
Definition
Term

 

hva kan vi gjøre i TNT?

Definition

 

 

Tree searching algorithm

Measure of character fit

Consensus tre

Branch support

Term

 

 

How do you root a tree in parsimony?

Definition

 

 

Ad an outgroup!

Term

 

 

Branch and bound...

Definition

 

 

start: unrooted tree with three taxa, add one taxa and choose the best and so on?

Term

 

 

Heuristic method is what?

Definition

 

Istedenfor exact, så bygger vi på og fortsetter kun på det beste treet tilgjengelig ved et gitt steg. Dette garanterer ikke at det beste treet blir funnet, da kan vi gjøre flere tilfeldig startpunkt og dermed utforske landskapet bedre.

 

RAS

Term

 

 

Branch swapping

 

Definition

 

 

NNI
SPR

TBR

Term

 

 

Consensus tree

 

strict vs semi strict vs majority rule

Definition

strict - continue only with the groups that occur in all the MTP´s

 

semistrict - same as strict, but

 

majority rule - include clades that are represented more than a given percentage

Term

 

 

Cladorgam

Definition

 

 

no branch lengths; shows only branching order

Term

 

 

 

Phylogram

Definition

 

 

   branch lengths ~ number of substitutions

Term

 

 

Chronogram 

Definition

 

 

 

     branch lengths ~ evolutionary time

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