Term
| What types of value do marine ecosystems provide? Examples |
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Definition
-Ecological: climate moderation, CO2 absorption, nutrient cycling, waste treatment, reduced storm impact, habitats/nursery areas, genetic resources and biodiversity, scientific info
-Economic: food, animals and pet feed, pharmaceuticals, harbors and transportation routes, coastal habitats for humans, recreation, employment, oil and natural gas, minerals, building materials |
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Term
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Definition
1. Surface Zone: warmed by sunlight, stirred by wind, consistent water density
2. Pycnocline: below the surface zone, density increases rapidly with depth
3. Deep Zone: below the pynocline, dense/sluggish water, unaffected by winds, storm,s sunlight and temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Vast riverlike flows throughout the ocean |
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Term
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Definition
| Vast riverlike flows throughout the ocean |
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Term
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Definition
| The vertical flow of cold, deep water, toward the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen-rich water sinks where surface currents come together |
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Term
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Definition
1. Bathymetry: Ocean depth
2. Topography: Physical geography or the shape and arrangement of landforms |
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Term
| Underwater Geography Terms (3) |
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Definition
1. Continental Shelves
2. Shelf Slope Break
3. Continental Shelf |
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Term
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Definition
1. Photic
2. Pelagic
3. Benthic |
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Term
| Types of organisms in marine life zones (4) |
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Definition
1. Plankton: important group of weakly swimming, free-floating biota
2. Nekton: fish, turtles, whales
3. Benthos: bottom dwellers – barnacles and oysters
4. Decomposers: breakdown organic compounds (mostly bacteria) |
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Term
| Examples of benefits from estuaries and coastal wetlands |
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Definition
| filter toxic pollutants, excess plant nutrients, sediments, reduce storm damage by absorbing waves and storing excess water produced by storms and tsunamis, provide food, habitats, and nursery sites for many aquatic species |
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Term
| Examples of benefits of Mangrove forests, reasons for losses |
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Definition
-Protect coastlines, support fisheries, filter out wastes
-Reasons for losses: 1/3 have been destroyed for shrimp farms, agriculture, and development |
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Term
| Types of physical stress on intertidal organisms (4) |
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Definition
1. Tidal Range
2. Temperature
3. Wave Energy
4. Salinity |
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Term
| Vertical Zonation by Species (4) |
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Definition
1. Lichens and Cyanobacteria
2. Red Alga
3. Mussels and Gooseneck Barnacles
4. Seastars and Anemones |
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Term
| Lesson in the ecological importance of top predators (3) |
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Definition
1. Urchins eat kelp
2. Otters eat urchins
3. Kelp beds decline w/o otters |
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Term
| Why care about coral reefs? (4) |
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Definition
-Billion dollar tourism and fishery
-Moderate atmospheric temperature by removing Co2 from the atmosphere
-Act as natural barriers that help protect 14% of the world’s coastlines from erosion by battering waves and storms
-Provide habitats for a variety of marine organisms |
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