Term
death of 65 y.o. MI
1.5 Cr, pulmonary edema, prostaticc hyperplasia
inflammed pelvicaliceal system
patchy renal parenchyma
chronicc
hydronephrosis and hydroureter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gross: scarring, atrophy, capsule adherent, large U-shaped scar, hydronephrosis and hydroureter
LM: patchy interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, hyalin cast within lumen
periglomerular fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis
thickened blood vessel due to HTN |
|
Definition
chronic pyelonephritis
thyroidization = hyalin cast within lumen |
|
|
Term
pyelonephritis
bacteria for upward spread
blodstream spread
7 Factors: |
|
Definition
E-Coli
S. aureus
urinary tract obstruction
vesicoureteral reflux
calyx-tubular reflux
instrumentation
age/sex
renal medulla infection
DM |
|
|
Term
5 cause of UTobstruction
3 cause of vesicoureteral reflux
cause of calyx-tubular reflux |
|
Definition
stone
urethral stricture
prostatic hypertrophy, tumor,
congenital valve of posterior urethra
congenital anomalies of urinary tract
cystitis
paraplegia
failed valvular mechanism to prevent calyx-tubular reflex: maldevelopment, infection, obstruction |
|
|
Term
RCC:
where does RCC originate
physical agent
habit
genetic symptom
most characteristic diagnostic feature
3 most common meta location
what is histology grade depend on.
survival depend on
Tx: |
|
Definition
tubular epithelium
thororast-radioactive substance
smoking
von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome
renal arteriography
lung, bone, regional LN
degree of anaplasia
invasion
radical nephrectomy |
|
|
Term
staging of RCC
confined to kidney w/o invasion thru renal capsule
invade perinephric fat
involve regional LN
involve distant metastases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hematuria, constovertebral pain, palpable mass
well circumscribed, yellow-orange irregular mass with area of hemorrhage,
LM: clear cecll more than granular cell, small nuclei, large cytoplasm arranged in tubular pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DD of RCC vs.
adenoma/papillary RC
oncoccytoma
angiomyolipoma
TCC
xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis
metastatic neoplasm |
|
Definition
R/o adenoma/papillary renal ca: not cystic, not papillary
R/O oncocytoma: no increased cytoplasm due to mitochondria, not brown, don't have central area of scar.
R/o angiomyolipoma: no fat cecll + blood vessel + sm
R/o TCC: usually from pelvis
R/o meta: usually multiple
|
|
|
Term
gross:usually cystic
LM: pink color covering a fibrovascular stalk with 1-2 layer of cell
psammoma body, foamy macrophage hemorrhage, |
|
Definition
| Papillary Renal Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
what is benign version paiplllary renal carcinoma?
genetic factor?
better prognisis than RCC? |
|
Definition
adenoma
trisomy of chr 7, 17, loss of Y chr.
yea |
|
|
Term
DD
fibrovascular core + 1-2 layer of cell
fibrovascular core + multiple layer of cell
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hematuria, lumbar pain
fibrovascular core, several layers of transitional cell show varying degree of anaplasia, loose polarity, no invasion of muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TCC:
sex, age distribution
2 most common site
pattern of change
4 agent
grading depends on
staging depends on |
|
Definition
M, 5-7 decade
trigone, lateral wall
epithelial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, Carcinoma in situ, frank carcinoma
aniline dye
naphthylamine benzidine, 4-amino-diphenyl, auramine, magenta
cyclamate
smoking
grade 1-3: loss of normal polarity, anaplasia, mitotic activity
staging: invasion/metastasis
|
|
|
Term
staging of TCC
invasion of lamina propria
invasion of inner 3rd of muscle
no invasion
invasion of outer 2 third muscle
invasion of surrounding tissue
regional LN meta
Distant metastases |
|
Definition
stage A
stage B1
stage 0
stage B2
stage C
stage D1
stage D2 |
|
|
Term
| papillary lesion with normal appearing transitional cell several layers in thickness |
|
Definition
| transitional cell papilloma |
|
|
Term
| solid tumors, worse prognosis than TCC, with schistosoma hematobium in Egypt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most are urachal in origin, uncommon primarily, most common from prostate or GI tract, can arise from cystitis glandularis |
|
Definition
| adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| what is common cause of urinary bladder inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mucosal congestion, edema, PMN leukocyte infiltration, ulceration occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after persistent or repeated attacks of acute cystitis. lamina propria infiltrated with lymph and plasma cell, fibrosis, squamous metaplasia, epithelial hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| chronic nonspecific cystitis |
|
|
Term
| inflammation into bladder wall w/ Hunner's ulcer/ulceration of mucosa in menopausal female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| congestive hyperemia follow by hemorrhagic cystitis is first change noted. ulcerationand fistula occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aggregation of lymph forming follicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infiltration by macrophage and lymph. with Michcaelis-Gutmann body - calcificed organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cystic mucosal inclusion and epithelial metaplasia related to long-standing chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
| cystitis cystica and cycstis glandularis |
|
|
Term
| well encapsulated or circumscribed neoplasm from renal tubule <5mm, composed of tubular or papillary structure, defect in chr 7, 17, loss of Y |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neoplasm mixed of fat, blood vessel, sm, 1/3 has tuberous sclerosis, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| benign epi tumor of large eosinophilic cell with large number of mitochondria, brown, solid, with central area of scar. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
tubular necrosis (no cell outline)
regeneration (large nuclei, close together)
and cast related to glycerol crystals.
no glomerular cellular proliferation, interstitial nephritis, GS
proteinuria?
chronic renal failure?
nephrotic syndrome?
acute renal failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
renal transplant
no response to increase immunosuppressive therapy
no parenchymal necrosis
no interstitial hemorrhage
interstitial infiltrate to intimal of artery
tubulitis where cell infiltrate into tubules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
arteriolonephrosclerosis
small finely granular external surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| yellow color with hemorrhage border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| marked dilatation of pelvic calyceal system, thinning of renal cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| marked atrophy of renal parenchyma, thinning of renal parenchyma and multiple cyst (4cm) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| severe acute rejection, extensive parenchymal hemorrhage and area of necrosis |
|
Definition
| vascular/humoral rejection |
|
|
Term
| small round yellow nodule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| welll circumscribed tan mass with central scarring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumor, massive hemorrhage, small area of viable renal parenchyma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| well circumscribed, yellow tumor mass of kidney, with hemorrhage and necrosis, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large tan tumor protruding to outside of renal parenchyma, not yellow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumor mass localized in renal pelvis, ureter-pelvis junction |
|
Definition
|
|
