Term
| What are the parts of the sternum? |
|
Definition
| The manubrium, body, xiphoid process. |
|
|
Term
| How many ribs are there? What are the different kinds of ribs? |
|
Definition
There are 12 ribs. There are 7 "true" ribs, 3 "false" ribs, and 2 "floating" ribs. ppg. 188-189 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inferior border of the costal cartilages. pg. 189 |
|
|
Term
| What bones do ribs articulate with? |
|
Definition
The thoracic vertebrae. ppg. 189-190 |
|
|
Term
| Where on the thoracic vertebrae do ribs articulate? |
|
Definition
Ribs articulate with facets on the body and the transverses of the thoracic vertebrae. ppg. 192, 197 |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture? |
|
Definition
The 1st thoracic vertebra posteriorly, the 1st ribs laterally, and the manubrium anteriorly. pg. 192 |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture? |
|
Definition
The 12th thoracic vertebra posteriorly, the 11th and 12th ribs and the costal margin laterally, and the xiphoid process or xiphosternal joint anteriorly. pg. 192 |
|
|
Term
| At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process, and what other notable structures also occupy that level? |
|
Definition
T10. The upper surface of the liver, the diaphragm, and the lower border of the heart. ppg. 244-245 |
|
|
Term
| What are the attachments of the pectoralis major muscle? |
|
Definition
Originates from attachments on the clavicle, sternum, and the upper 6th or 7th ribs, and inserts on the humerus. ppg. 207-211 |
|
|
Term
| What are the attachments of the pectoralis minor muscle? |
|
Definition
Originates from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and inserts in the coracoid process of the scapula. pg. 208 |
|
|
Term
| Where do the intercostal nerves come from? |
|
Definition
The intercostal nerves are the anterior primary rami of the 1st through 11th thoracic spinal nerves. pg. 229 |
|
|
Term
| What is the best landmark to find the lateral pectoral nerves? |
|
Definition
The lateral pectoral nerves travel over the superior edge of the pectoralis minor. pg. 208 |
|
|
Term
| What is the best landmark to find the medial pectoral nerve? |
|
Definition
The medial pectoral nerve travels under the inferior edge of the pectoralis minor. pg. 208 |
|
|
Term
| Where do the lateral and medial pectoral nerves branch from? |
|
Definition
They are branches of the branchial plexus. ppg. 168-169 |
|
|
Term
| Where is the thoracoacromial artery? |
|
Definition
Branches from the axillary artery just distal to where the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery. ppg. 168-169 |
|
|
Term
| Where is the cephalic vein? |
|
Definition
The cephalic vein traves in the deltopectoral grove. ppg. 170-171 |
|
|
Term
| What is the female breast derived from embryologically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fascial layer is the female breast located in? |
|
Definition
| The superficial facial layer (subcutanious connective tissue) |
|
|
Term
| what are the major anatomical structures of the female breast? |
|
Definition
The mammary lobules are each connected to a lactiferous duct, that each connects to the nipple. The nipple is surrounded by the areola. pg. 290 |
|
|
Term
| What is the location of the intercostal nerves with respect to the muscles and bones of the thoracic body wall? |
|
Definition
The intercostal nerves run between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles. They travel with the costal groves that run along the inner and inferior surfaces of the ribs. ppg. 214-215 |
|
|
Term
| What structures will you find in the typical intercostal space? |
|
Definition
3 layers of intercostal muscles, the anterior and posterior intercostal arteries and veins, and the intercostal nerve. ppg. 214-215 |
|
|
Term
| What is the tissue layer that lies between the internal surface of the thoracic wall and the parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the ventral primary ramus of the 12th thoracic nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What spinal nerves give rise to the dermatomes of the thoracic wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vessels give rise to the posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries? |
|
Definition
The thoracic aorta gives rise to the majority of posterior intercostal arteries and the subcostal artery. The upper two poster intercostal arteries are derived from the subclavian arteries. ppg. 280-281 |
|
|
Term
| What gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries? |
|
Definition
The anterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal thoracic artery at six points beneath the 1st and 6 th ribs. |
|
|
Term
| What is derivation and pathway of the internal thoracic arteries? |
|
Definition
| The internal thoracic arteries arise from the first part of the subclavian arteries and descend posterior to the first 6 costal cartilages lateral to the sternum. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the internal thoracic artery terminate? |
|
Definition
| At the 6th intercostal space where it gives rise to the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the internal thoracic arteries? |
|
Definition
| The anterior intercostal arteries, the pericardiacophrenic arteries, the musculophrenic arteries, and the superior epigastric arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What is the spatial relationship between the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries? |
|
Definition
| The musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries are the two arteries that arrise when the internal thoracic artery bifurcates at the 6th intercostal space. The musculophrenic travels along the costal margin and the superior epigastric continues to descend inferiorly and is therefore medial to the musculophrenic. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain? |
|
Definition
| Into the internal thoracic vein. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain? |
|
Definition
| Into the azygos system of veins. |
|
|
Term
| What are the regions of the parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
| The costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic regions, and the cupula. |
|
|
Term
| On which side is the costomediastinal recess of the visceral pleura? |
|
Definition
| There are costomediastinal recesses on both sides but the left side has the largest recess. |
|
|
Term
| What is the space between two layers of visceral pleura inferior to the inferior margin of the lungs called? |
|
Definition
| The costodiaphragmatic recess. |
|
|
Term
| What is the depression in the anterior surface of the left lung called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the space between layers of visceral pleura medial to the cardiac notch of the left lung called? |
|
Definition
| The costomediastinal recess. |
|
|
Term
| What nerves supply mediastinal and diaphragmatic regions of the parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves supply the costal region of the parietal pleura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the surfaces of the lung? |
|
Definition
| Costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal. |
|
|
Term
| What is the portion of the lung called that rises above the 1st rib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What surface of the lung do vascular and airway structures enter and leave the lung through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure called where vascular and airway structures enter and leave the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the anterior inferior aspect of the right lung and the 7th rib intersect? |
|
Definition
| At the midclavicular line. |
|
|
Term
| Where are the oblique fissures of the lungs located with respect to other landmarks? |
|
Definition
| They begin at the level of the sternal angle posteriorly and pass anteriorly and inferiorly to intersect the diaphragmatic surface at about the level of the 6th rib. |
|
|
Term
| What is the minor fissure of the lung? |
|
Definition
| The minor fissure of the lung divides the lung into upper and middle lobes, and therefore only the right lung has a minor fissure. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the minor fissure intersect with the mediastinal surface of the lung? |
|
Definition
| At the level of the 4th rib. |
|
|
Term
| What is the horizontal fissure? |
|
Definition
| Also called the minor fissure. |
|
|
Term
| What are the vertebral level boundaries of the trachea? |
|
Definition
| It begins at the level of C6 and bifurcates at the sternal angle, or at the level of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5. |
|
|
Term
| What are the vertebral level boundaries of the trachea? |
|
Definition
| It begins at the level of C6 and bifurcates at the sternal angle, or at the level of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5. |
|
|
Term
| What are the airways called just after the tracheal bifurcation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What landmark corresponds to the bifurcation of the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure inferior to the bifurcation of the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bony landmark corresponds to the carina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the airways called immediately distal to the principal bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the airways called just distal to the lobar bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures are ventilated by each individual segmental bronchi? |
|
Definition
| The bronchopulmonary segments. |
|
|
Term
| How many segmental bronchi ventilate the lower lobes of the lungs? |
|
Definition
| 5 on both the right and the left. |
|
|
Term
| How many segmental bronchi ventilate the upper lobes of the lungs? |
|
Definition
| In the right lung 3 segmental bronchi ventilate the superior lobe and 2 ventilate the middle lobe. In the left lung 3 ventilate the superior lobe and 2 ventilate the lingular lobe. |
|
|
Term
What is the difference between the airway architecture that ventilates the right middle and the left lingular lobes of the lung? 250-251 |
|
Definition
| The right middle lobe is ventilated by 2 segmental bronchi that are derived from a distinct lobular bronchus from the right principal bronchus. The lingular lobe also recieves 2 segmental bronchi but they are not derived from a distinct lobar bronchus. Rather, the upper lobar bronchus (there are 2 on the left) gives off a superior and inferior (also lingular) division, and the inferior division gives rise to the two segmental bronchy that supply the lingular lobe. |
|
|
Term
| What are the major divisions of the airways starting from the trachea? |
|
Definition
| The trachea bifurcates into the right and left principal bronchi. The principal bronchi branch into the lobar bronchi, and the lobar bronchi branch into the segmental bronchi. |
|
|
Term
| What are the principal efferent blood vessels of the lung? |
|
Definition
| The pulmonary trunk branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ligamentum arteriosum? |
|
Definition
| The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus. |
|
|
Term
| What are the principal afferent blood vessels of the lungs? |
|
Definition
| The right and left superior and inferior pulmonary veins. |
|
|
Term
| What structures give rise to the bronchial arteries? |
|
Definition
| The left bronchial arteries (there are two) are derived from the thoracic aorta at the level of T5 and at the level of the left principal bronchus. The right bronchial artery is derived from the 3rd, 4th, or 5th posterior intercostal artery. |
|
|
Term
| What blood vessels drain the pulmonary supportive vascular beds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue of the great vessels is continuous with the fibrous pericardium? |
|
Definition
| The adventitia of the great vessels. |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the pericardium? |
|
Definition
| The fibrous pericardium is the most superficial layer. Deep to that is the serous pericardium, which is composed of parietal and visceral layers. |
|
|
Term
| What is the paricardial cavity? |
|
Definition
| The potential space between the two layers of visceral pericardium (the parietal and visceral layers). |
|
|
Term
| What are the superficial surfaces of the heart? |
|
Definition
| The base, the apex, the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface, the sternocostal (anterior) surface, and the right and left (pulmonary) surfaces. |
|
|
Term
| What chamber of the heart makes up the majority of the apex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chamber of the heart makes up the majority of the base? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chamber of the heart is most prominent on the sternocostal surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures make up the right border of the surface of the heart? |
|
Definition
| The superior vena cava, the right atrium, and the inferior vena cava. |
|
|
Term
| What structures make up the left border of the surface of the heart? |
|
Definition
| The aortic arch, the pulmonary trunk, the left auricle, and the left ventricle. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three venous openings in the right atrium? |
|
Definition
| The openings for the inferior and superior vena cavas, and the coronary sinus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prominent structure seen inside the right atrium on the interatrial septum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the prominent margin of the fossa ovalis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the limbus fossa ovalis? |
|
Definition
| The prominent margin of the fossa ovalis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure that forms an outpouching from the right atrium anterior to the root of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sinus venarum? |
|
Definition
| The smooth-walled space on the posterior surface of the right atrium into which both vena cava empty. It is embryologically derived from the right horn of the sinus venosus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the division on the internal surface of the right atrium between the smooth-walled sinus venarum and the atrium proper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ridges on the inside surface of the right atrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the crista terminalis? |
|
Definition
| The line on the internal surface of the right atrium that divides the smooth-walled sinus venarum and the pectinate-muscle lined atrium proper. |
|
|
Term
| Why are there two distinct surface textures on the interior of the right atrium? |
|
Definition
| There are two distinct embryologic structures that fuse to give rise to the right atrium. |
|
|
Term
| What external anatomical feature of the heart delineates the boundary between the right atrium and ventricle? |
|
Definition
| The coronary sulcus, a linear depression on the anterior surface of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| What external anatomical feature of the heart delineates the boundary between the right and left ventricles? |
|
Definition
| There are two linear depressions, the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the outflow tract of the right ventricle? |
|
Definition
| The conus arteriosus, or infundibulum. |
|
|
Term
| How do you delineate the infundibulum of the right ventricle from the remainder of the chamber looking at the intraventricular anatomy? |
|
Definition
| The infundibulum of the right ventricle is smooth-walled. |
|
|
Term
| What is the conus arteriosus? |
|
Definition
| The smooth walled outflow tract of the right ventricle. |
|
|
Term
| What structures connect the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles? |
|
Definition
| Papillary muscles anchored in the walls and septa of the ventricles attach to chordae tendinae, which are attached to the valve cusps. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the elongated muscular structures that pattern the walls of the ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the septomarginal trebecula? |
|
Definition
| Runs from the anterior papillary muscles to the interventricular septum. |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure that runs along the inner wall of the right ventricle between the intraventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscles or wall, traversing the apex, and that is made up of trebeculae carneae? |
|
Definition
| The septomarginal trebecula. |
|
|
Term
| What vessels enter the left atrium in the section that has a smooth wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the outpouching structure of the left atrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the circular or ovular structure seen on the interatrial septum from either atria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the thin lip or cusp of tissue that partly covers the inferior part of the foramen ovalis on the left atrial side? |
|
Definition
| The valvule of the froamen ovalis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the left atrioventricular valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the right atrioventricular valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the wall that separates the two ventricles? |
|
Definition
| The interventricular septum. |
|
|
Term
| What are the names for the three pulmonic valvular cusps? |
|
Definition
| Right, left, and anterior. |
|
|
Term
| What are the names for the three aortic valvular cusps? |
|
Definition
| Right, left, and posterior. |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell which aortic valve cusp is the posterior cusp? |
|
Definition
| The posterior cusp of the aorta is the only one that does not have an associated orifice leading to a coronary artery. |
|
|
Term
| What structure/structures electrically insulate the atria from the ventricles? |
|
Definition
| The fibrous rings of the valves and the left and right fibrous trigones. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main branches of the right coronary artery? |
|
Definition
| Posterior interventricular and right marginal arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main branches of the left coronary artery? |
|
Definition
| Anterior interventricular (or left anterior descending) and circumflex arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What structure do the cardiac veins drain through when they empty into the right atrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the location of the cardiac plexus? |
|
Definition
| Beneath the arch of the aorta and anterior to the tracheal bifurcation. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the plexus that delivers autonomic neurons to and from the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the cardiac plexus contain sympathetic ganglia? |
|
Definition
| No, the sympathetic neuronal axons that arrive at the cardiac plexus are already post-ganglionic and therefore continue through to innervate structures in the heart. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the structure that conducts electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles? |
|
Definition
| The atrioventricular bundle. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the structures that conduct electrical signals through ventricles? |
|
Definition
| Right and left bundle branches and Purkinje fibers. |
|
|
Term
| What are the main branches of the aortic arch? |
|
Definition
| Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian artery. |
|
|
Term
| What arteries branch from the thoracic descending aorta? |
|
Definition
| Several posterior intercostals, a bronchial, and some esophageal arteries. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the right vagus nerve give rise to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, and what is its pathway? |
|
Definition
| The right recurrent laryngeal nerve brances from the right vagus nerve inferiorly to the root of the right subclavian artery. It passes posterior to the subclavian a. and travels superiorly in a groove between the trachea and esophagus. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the left vagus nerve give rise to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, and what is its pathway? |
|
Definition
| The left recurrent laryngeal nerve branches from the left vagus at the level of the arch of the aorta, passes inferior then posterior to the arch of the aorta, then travels superiorly between the esophagus and trachea. |
|
|
Term
| What nerve passes just lateral to the ligamentum arteriosum? |
|
Definition
| The left recurrent laryngeal nerve. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the structure that forms a fibrous connection between the arch of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk? |
|
Definition
| The ligamentum arteriosum. |
|
|
Term
| What vertebral spinal cord segments give rise to the phrenic nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerves run more anterior, phrenic or vagus? |
|
Definition
| The phrenic nerves run more anterior. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the azygous vein empty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the azygous vein? |
|
Definition
| It travels superiorly through the right posterior mediastinum, arches over the right root of the lung, and empties in to the superior vena cava. |
|
|
Term
| Which vagus nerve becomes the posterior vagal trunk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vagus nerve becomes the anterior vagal trunk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure will the left vagus nerve give rise to inferiorly. |
|
Definition
| The anterior vagal trunk and part of the esophageal plexus. |
|
|
Term
| What structure will the right vagus nerve give rise to inferiorly? |
|
Definition
| The posterior vagal trunk and part of the esophageal plexus. |
|
|
Term
| What nerve gives rise to the esophageal plexus? |
|
Definition
| Both right and left vagal nerves. |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures that connect the sympathetic trunk and the spinal nerves at each spinal cord level between T1 to L2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two veins that parallel the spinal cord on the left then cross the midline to empty into the azygous vein. |
|
Definition
| The accessory hemiazygous vein up top and the hemiazygous vein down below. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the thoracic duct empty? |
|
Definition
| Into the left brachiocephalic vein lateral to the root of the left internal jugular vein. |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck? |
|
Definition
| The posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle anteriorly, the anterior border of the trapezius muscle posteriorly, and the clavicle inferiorly. |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck? |
|
Definition
| The midline of the neck medially, the inferior border of the mandible superiorly, and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid posteriolaterally. |
|
|
Term
| What dermatomes correspond to the base of the neck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what fascial layer is the platysma muscle located? |
|
Definition
| The superficial cervical fascia. |
|
|
Term
| True or false: The superficial cervical fascia of the neck terminates inferiorly at the clavicle. |
|
Definition
| False, the superficial cervical fascia is continuous with the subcutanious fascia present all over the body. |
|
|
Term
| What blood vessels are present in the superficial cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| The anterior and external jugular veins. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| The superficial, middle or visceral, and deep layers of the deep cervical fascia. |
|
|
Term
| What two landmark muscle groups are contained within the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. |
|
|
Term
| At what vertebral level will you find the isthmus of the thyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you were to look at a cross-section at the level of C6, where would you find the thyroid? |
|
Definition
| The thyroid would appear as two structures on either side of the trachea. |
|
|
Term
| In what fascial layer is the thyroid situated? |
|
Definition
| The middle or visceral layer of the deep cervical fascia. |
|
|
Term
| What structures are situated within the middle or visceral cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| The thyroid gland, the trachea, the esophagus, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves. |
|
|
Term
| What structures are contained within the deep layer of the deep cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| Post and pre-vertebral muscles, as well as the scalene muscles located lateral to the vertebral column. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the tubular structure that contains the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular veins, and the vagus nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures are contained within the carotid sheath? |
|
Definition
| The common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular veins, and the vagus nerves? |
|
|
Term
| Does the carotid sheath contain all branches of the common carotid arteries? |
|
Definition
| No, the external carotid arteries leave the carotid sheath to deliver blood to the neck and face. |
|
|
Term
| What veins drain the scalp and the superficial and deep face? |
|
Definition
| The anterior and external jugular veins. |
|
|
Term
| What vessels do the anterior and external jugular veins drain into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? |
|
Definition
| Originates both from the manubrium and the medial 1/3rd of the clavicle, and inserts in and behind the mastoid process. |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius muscle? |
|
Definition
| Originates at the midline of the back and inserts on the scapula and the lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle. |
|
|
Term
| What fascial layer are the strap muscles located? |
|
Definition
| The superficial or investing layer of the deep cervical fascia. |
|
|
Term
| Another term for the strap muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve is found in the carotid sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve is found in the middle or visceral layer of the deep cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| The recurrent laryngeal nerves. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four skeletal landmarks of the anterior neck, from most superior to most inferior? |
|
Definition
| The hyoid bone, the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the trachea with all its rings and stuff. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the fibrous structure that spans the space between the hyoid and the thyroid cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the three muscles termed the lateral vertebral muscles of the neck? |
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Definition
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Term
| What blood vessel crosses over the first rib anterior to the anterior sclaene muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what blood vessel crosses over the first rib anterior to the middle scalene muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the insertion points of the scalene muscles? |
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Definition
| The anterior and middle scalene muscles insert on the first fib. The posterior scalene muscle inserts on the second rib. |
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Term
| What is the term for the collection of ventral primary rami that pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the roots of the brachial plexus? |
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Definition
| The ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C5 through T1. |
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Term
| What structure lies posterior to the phrenic nerve as it travels through the base of the neck into the thorax? |
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Definition
| The anterior scalene muscle. |
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Term
| What muscle connects the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage on the anterior surfaces. |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle? |
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Definition
| The superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve. |
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Term
| Where is the cervical sympathetic trunk located with respect to surrounding structures? |
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Definition
| Deep and medial to the carotid sheath, and anterior to the deep layer of the deep cervical fascia. |
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Term
| What nerve is contained within the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is contained within the middle or visceral layer of the deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
| The recurrent laryngeal nerve. |
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Term
| Where is the phrenic nerve located in the fascial layers of the base of the neck? |
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Definition
| In the lateral and anterior portion of the deep layer of the deep cervical fascia. |
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Term
| What blood vessels are located in the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
| The common and internal carotid arteries and the internal jugular vein. |
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Term
| What is the first branch of the external carotid artery? |
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Definition
| The superior thyroid artery. |
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Term
| What are the first three branches from the subclavian artery? |
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Definition
| The vertebral and internal thoracic arteries and the thyrocervical trunk. |
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Term
| What vessel gives rise to the internal thoracic artery? |
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Definition
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