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BMIS Test #2
STUDY
83
Other
Undergraduate 2
03/22/2011

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Input hardware
Definition
devices such as keyboard, mouse, document scanner and barcode scanners
Term
hardware
Definition
electronic components and related gadgetry that input, output, and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software.
Term
RAM=Main Memory
Definition

Random access memory= programs being used are held

ROM=Read only memory=programs stored here tell needed.

Term
output hardware
Definition
video displays,printers,audio speakers, overhead projectors
Term
Computers represent data using_____
Definition

binary digits=bits

 

bits are either 0 or 1

Term
bits are grouped into 8 bit chunks called_____
Definition
bytes
Term

Kilobyte=____ bytes

abbreviated "k"

Definition
1024 bytes
Term

Megabyte=_____ kb

 

MB

Definition
1024
Term

Gigabyte=____ MB

 

GB

Definition
1024
Term

Terabyte=_____ GB

 

TB

Definition
1024
Term
How a computer basically works
Definition
Main memory holds all programs, while the CPU using a Data channel runs and loads programs. The magnetic and optical disks help programs work as well and we input into the computer using the keyboard and the mouse.
Term
Cache
Definition
small amount of very fast memory on the CPU
Term
What does it mean when main memory is volatile?
Definition
Cache and Main memory lose their contents when power is off.
Term
CPU-32 bit vs 64 bit
Definition

32 bit less capable and cheaper

64 bit=can address more main memory

Term
client computer
Definition
for word processing, excel, data base so forth
Term
server
Definition

provides some service to multiple users

 

Term
IPO Model
Definition
[image]
Term
server farm
Definition
organized collection of servers
Term
Grid computing 
Definition
A network of computers that operate as a single integrated whole. Grid appears to be single computer
Term
Cloud computing
Definition
computing network on the internet
Term
What influences the time it takes to read data from a disk?
Definition
RAM
Term
What is a pixel, dot pitch, and pixel pitch?
Definition

pixel=single point in a graphic image

dot pitch=measures distance between pixels

pixel pitch=measurement of smallest bit of data in an image.

Term
Two types of Computer software
Definition

1.operating system software-controls computer resources

2.Application program software-helps users accomplish tasks

Term
4 major operating systems
Definition

1.windows

2. mac os

3.Unix

4.Linux

Term
application software
Definition
preforms a service or function
Term
Horizontal vs. Vertical Market Application
Definition

horizontal provides capabilities common across all organizations or industries.

 

Vertical= software serves need of a specific industry

Term
Thin vs. Thick Client
Definition

Thin=only require a browser

Thick=requires software programs including the browser

Term
Open source community software pros and cons
Definition

pros=free, often just as good as paid versions, freedom to do what you want

cons=often no customer service, may not do exactly what you want/need

Term
2 types of data processing
Definition

File based and Data Based.

Disadvantages: data redundancy, limited data sharing, lengthy development times

Advantages:DATA based approach gets rid of problems

Term
Oracle/ ms access
Definition
not databases, but DBMS. A database is a self-describing collection of integrated records.
Term
Bytes, fields, record, table, data base
Definition
Bytes are characters of data grouped into columns called fields. the fields are grouped into rows called records. A table is a group of similar rows or records. A DB is a bunch of tables.
Term
Metadata
Definition
Useful meaningful data, data that describes data
Term
Primary and Foreign Keys, why are foreign keys needed?
Definition

Primary Key=column that identifies a unique row in a table.

Foreign Key=columns that fulfill a row

 

Fkey needed because sometimes that key is a primary key of a different table in which it resides

Term
Relational DB
Definition

databases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys.

 

2 Tables that are directly related ex. student # and table of activities that have the student #s that are participating

Term
Components of a Database application system
Definition
[image]
Term
 broad categories of DMBS
Definition
create process and administer databases
Term
SQL
Definition
structures query language-international standard language for processing a database all 5 DBMS products use it.
Term
What is a "Report"
Definition
Report-results from a search of database
Term
Data application programs needed
Definition
forms, reports, queries, and applications.
Term
Data in a database
Definition
Shared between many different departments and users
Term
potential problems with many database users
Definition

1.potential update loss

2.potential locking problems

3.possible data conflicts

Term
database development process
Definition
[image]
Term
Data model
Definition

A data model is similar to blueprints for a house. It’s a logical representation of database data that describes data and their relationships

Term
ER-D
Definition

Entity relationship data model-tool for constructing data models 

 

Developers use it for describing the content of a data model by defining the entities that will be stored in the database and the relationship between those entities

Term
Entity, Relationship, identifier
Definition

Entity-some thing that users want to track

Identifier-an attribute whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance.

 

Relationships between entities.

Term
Cardinality
Definition

Maximum-max # of entities involved in relationship

Minimum-Constraints on minimum requirements

Term
Types of relationships
Definition

One to many: 1:M

 

Many to Many: N:M

 

Term
Crows feet diagram
Definition
diagram way of showing the entity relationship 
Term
Normalization and purpose
Definition

Normalization:process of converting poorly structured table into two or more well structured tables.

 

You normalize to preserve data integrity.

Term
How to represent relationships!
Definition
[image]
Term
Figure 5-25 study
Definition
[image]
Term
What is computer network? types of computer network?
Definition

3 types of networks

LAN-local area network

MAN-metropolitan area network

WAN-Wide area network-networks of networks

Term
What are the components and distinguishing features of LAN?
Definition

NIC-network interface card

MAC-media access control

UTP-unshielded twisted pair cord 

Fibre optic cable

Term
What is the protocol/switch?
Definition

protocol is a set of rules that two communicating devices follow

switch is a special purpose computer that recieves and transmits messages on the LAN

Term
NIC,WNIC,MAC
Definition

NIC-network interface card-connect circuitry to LAN cable

WNIC-wireless network interface card

MAC-media access control-address unique identifier

Term
Ethernet protocol vs. Wireless Protical
Definition

most popular ethernet-IEEE 802.3 protocol. cord

Wireless protocol-IEEE 802.11-wireless

Term

Alternatives for WAN and Wimax

 

Definition

WAN-Sprint and Verizon use EVDO, ATT and Tmobile use HSDPA

Wimax- 4G

Term
What is the access point for and protocols?
Definition

Access point-connect each site to the transmission device

Protocols-standardized means for coordinating activities between two or more entities

Term

Frame Relay, ATM, their protocols and PSDN

 

(Public switch Data Network)-WAN alternative

Definition

frame relay-type of psdn that processes traffic in the range of 56 kbps to 40 mbps. Slower and easier to support

ATM-Asynchronous transfer mode-process speeds from 1 to 156 mbps. some organizations need ATMs speed

Term
What is ISP?
Definition

ISP-Internet service provider.

3 functions

1.provide users with legit internet access

2.Serve as a gateway for users to connect to internet

3.Help pay for internet by collecting fees from users

Term
3 ways to connect to ISP(homes and small biz)
Definition

1.Dialup modem- uses telephone line. super slow, uses PPP proticol-point to point

2.DSL modem-uses telephone line but faster.

-Assemetric-different upload/downloadspeeds

-Symmetric-same download speeds

doesnt slow if 100 users using

3.Cable modem-tv line excess of 256 kbps. can slow down with many users

Term
Modems and Routers
Definition

modem-converts digital signal to analog.

Router-special purpose computer that moves network traffic from one node to another

Term
DSL-ADSL vs SDSL
Definition

Digital subscriber line

 

Asymmetric digital subscriber line-different upload and download speeds

Symmetrical digital subscriber line-same upload and download speed

Term
How do you define a broadband(and transmission speed)
Definition
telecommunication signal of greater bandwidth at a higher transmission speed
Term
PSDN and VPN
Definition

Public switched data network-network of computers and leased lines that is developed and maintained by a vendor that leases time to other organizations.

Virtual Private Network-uses internet to create appearance of private point to point connections. encrypts data and more costly. but more secure!

Term

Criteria for comparing wide area networks

WAN

Definition

Need 2 firewalls for protect 

perimeter outside firewall

and internal firewall

Term
How does encryption work, asymmetric encryption?
Definition

encryption is the process of transforming clear text into coded unintelligible text for secure storage or communication

Asymmetric encryption-different keys are used. one key for encoding and the other key decodes.

Term
https vs. http and SSL/TSL
Definition

HTTPS is the most secure protocol used today

http isnt nearly as secure

Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security combine public/private key with symmetric encryption to protect you 

Term
What is the access control list for?
Definition
On firewalls the access control list allows which address' are allowd and which arent.
Term
(packet filtering)firewall and purpose
Definition
packet filtering firewall examines each part of a message and determines whether to let it pass. it examines the source address, destination address, and other data
Term
Emails travel and protocol
Definition

Messages are broken down into packets, or pieces of messages, that routers send in different directions.
Once packets of a message arrive at its intended destination, software programs put the pieces back together.
The key concept is to divide & conquer

Term
http, SMTP, and FTP
Definition

hypertext transfer protocol

 

Simple mail transfer protocol-email protocol

 

File transfer protocol-application layer protocol

 

Term
Packet, Packet switching and TCP/IP
Definition
Transmission control protocol/internet protocol are combined with packets and packet switching to create and send emails
Term
Functions of 5 TCP/IP-OSI Layers
Definition

Five Layers of TCP/IP Protocols
5. Application
4. Transport (TCP)
3. Internet (IP)
2. Data Link (Network Interface)
1. Physical

Term
Physical (MAC) vs. Logical (IP) address and NAT
Definition

physical address of where the device is-never changes

IP address are logical numerical addresses which can change.

Network address translation-process of changing private IP address' into public ones

Term
Architecture, protocol, and program
Definition

Architecture- an arrangement of protocol layers in which each layer is given specific tasks to accomplish

Protocol-Each layer of the archetecture, there are one or more protocols, each protocol is a set of rules that accomplishes the tasks assigned to its layer

Program-A program is a specific computer product that implements a protocol

Term
How does the Internet work? URL?
Definition

Every computer has an address. You then connect to a server which takes you to the router. After the router you get on the internet where you can find your friends URL and go there to his router and IP address.


uniform resource locator-documents address on web

Term
How does the domain name resolution work?
Definition
Domaine name resolution-process of converting a domain name into a public IP address. 
Term
Public Vs Private IP Address
Definition

Public-used on internet assigned to major institutions

 

Private-used within private networks and internets. they are controlled only by the company that operates the private network or internet

Term
DHCP and its role
Definition
Dynamic host configuration protocol-program that loans you a temporary ip address to use while on the LAN network
Term
What is Domain name system DNS and ICANN
Definition
Domain name system (DNS)
vConverts user-friendly names into their IP address
vDomain name—a registered, valid name
vEvery DNS is unique in world
vResolving the domain name

Process of changing a domain name into its IP address (Layer 5 application

ICANN-Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers

Term
IPTV and VoIP
Definition

IPTV-internet protocol television-broadband connection needed. allows you to send and recieve video messages.

VoIP-Voice over IP- allows you to send voice conversations

both use TCP-IP-OSI technology

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