Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
o Medical term for heavy periods |
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Definition
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Term
o Most common cause of post coital bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
o A cause of secondary amenorrhea related to scarring of uterus after surgery |
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Definition
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Term
o Most common cause of secondary amenorrhea |
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Definition
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Term
o A cause of secondary amenorrhea patient complaining of headache |
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Definition
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Term
o Most common strains of HPV associated with cervical cancer |
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Definition
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Term
o T-score for osteoporosis |
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Definition
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Term
o What age is recommended for first Pap |
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Definition
21 or before if sexually active |
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Term
o Quantative beta hcg that is not doubled in how many hours can lead to fetal demise |
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Definition
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Term
o Leading cause of pregnancy related death in 1st trimester |
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Definition
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Term
o Patient in 3rd trimester presents with painless vaginal bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
o Abortion that is still potentially viable |
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Definition
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Term
o Amsel’s criteria to diagnose bacterial vaginosis |
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Definition
elevated pH positive whiff test clue cells white discharge |
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Term
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Definition
pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Term
o Most common solid breast lesion |
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Definition
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Term
o At what point in normal pregnancy should women undergo group b strep test |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inhibin, alpha fetaprotein, beta hcg, estriol |
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Term
o Timing of Rogaine injection of Rh- pregnant patient |
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Definition
28 weeks; 2nd is at delivery if baby is Rh- |
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Term
o Most common cause of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
o First thing you draw in CBC |
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Definition
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Term
o Philidelphia chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
o Treatment for Coumadin overdose |
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Definition
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Term
o Rheumatoid arthritis patient with splenomegaly and neutropenia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
o Triad of Reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome) |
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Definition
arthritis, uveitis, urethritis |
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Term
o Cast post-surgical Achilles tendon repair |
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Definition
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Term
o When tying absorbable sutures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
o Pearly white oval papule with central umbilication |
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Definition
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Term
o Cherry red spot in fundus |
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Definition
central retinal artery occlusion |
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Term
o Biological warfare toxin that is most deadliest |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
o Most common cause of septic arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
o Most common cause of septic arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
o Young, sexually active female with septic arthritis, now cause is |
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Definition
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Term
o Components of synovial fluid analysis |
|
Definition
crystals, WBC, culture/gram stain |
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Term
|
Definition
congenital hypothyroidism |
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Term
o Patient has Lupus and +ANA, what tests do you run to confirm |
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Definition
– anti-smith’s antibody and anti-dsDNA |
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Term
o Patient has rheumatoid arthritis, what tests do you run to confirm |
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Definition
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Term
o Test for thoracic outlet syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
o Water’s view visualizes |
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Definition
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Term
o Anti-smooth muscles antibodies indicative of |
|
Definition
– autoimmune hepatitis (lupoid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
o Most common complication after electrical injuries, especially lightning |
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Definition
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Term
: given to Control withdrawal from other opioids (including heroin & morphine) |
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Definition
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Term
o If you have a stroke in a young female make sure to check |
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Definition
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Term
o Indications for obtaining ESR include concern for |
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Definition
: Infection, Inflammation, Malignancy • Temporal Arteritis, Rheumatory arthritis, and Polymyalgia rheumatic |
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Term
• Radicular pain followed by localized erythematous rash and vesicles |
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Definition
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Term
• Fever, malaise, pharyngitis, (Posterior cervical), splenomegaly |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
most diarrheal strains are serotype O157:H7 and is associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome |
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Term
• Yersinia enterocolitica |
|
Definition
“mesenteric adenitis”- mimics appendicitis |
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Term
|
Definition
• Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella |
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Term
- Bence Jones proteins in urine |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
mild edema, moderate proteinuria, HTN, Hematuria, and RBC casts |
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Definition
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|
Term
o Causes of Renal Artery Stenosis: |
|
Definition
atherosclerosis (old men) or fibromuscular disease (young women) |
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Term
o When replacing fluids and electrolytes: |
|
Definition
never replace all fluids within a 24 hour period |
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Term
are at risk for BOTULINUMISM |
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Definition
o Children who eat HONEY leads to PARALYSIS |
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Term
normal pupils, almond smell, cherry skin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
o Treat Dog and Cat bites with |
|
Definition
Augmentin- Do NOT suture these bites |
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Term
o Most common cause of Atelectasis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Hypercoagulabilty, Venous Stasis, Endothelial injury/damage |
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Term
ventilation perfusion scan |
|
Definition
dx of a Pulmonary Embolus→ on the scan it is referred to as a mismatched defect |
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Term
o Fetal effects of Syphilis |
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Definition
Frontal Bossing, notched incisors, mulberry molars |
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Term
seizure and pre-eclampsia treatment |
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Definition
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|
Term
can be used to prevent ulceration from NSAID use |
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Definition
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Term
o In Pregnancy- Drug of Choice for Type II Diabetes or Gestational diabetes not controlled with diet alone |
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Definition
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|
Term
o Rheumatoid Arthritis: genetic marker |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
(Whitish lines on nails) = Chronic arsenic poisoning |
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Term
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Definition
calcinosis, Raynaud’s, esophoeal dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangectasias |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
AED used in Trigeminal neualgia |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
a step wise decline (not a slow progression which is similar to Alzheimer's) |
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Term
o Diagnosis for fat emboli syndrome |
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Definition
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|
Term
o Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia |
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Definition
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|
Term
yellow honey colored crust |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
o Pheochromocytoma and Renal Artery Stenosis are the two causes of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
• Stocking and Glove Paresthesias |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Early am hyperglycemia before breakfast, Nocturnal hypoglycemia evokes surge of counter regulatory hormones to produce high BS by 7 am |
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Term
|
Definition
Occurs in 75% of type 1/ most type 2, Reduced insulin sensitivity between 5-8 am, Evoked by spikes of GH released hrs before at onset of sleep |
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Term
|
Definition
LACTIC ACIDOSIS and discontinue before IV contrast dye |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
o Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus |
|
Definition
A prognostic indicator is called a Hutchinson sign which is the lesion on the nose because the nasociliary nerve also innervates the cornea→ may suggest occular involvement. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• M-Methanol • U-Uremia • D-Diabetic Ketoacidosis • P-Propylene glycol (in benzodiazepines) • I-Isoniazid/Iron • L-Lactic acidosis • E-Ethylene glycol/Ethanol • S-Salicylates |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
T wave becomes flat U wave |
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Term
|
Definition
can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree” • Ocular, uritis, arthritis |
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Term
systolic murmur proceeded by a high pitch click |
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Definition
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|
Term
o Syncope in an elderly patient |
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Definition
aortic stenosis until proven otherwise |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
Holosystolic (pansystolic) murmur heard best at LLSB, May have pulsatile liver, JVD |
|
Definition
o Tricuspid Regurgitation |
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|
Term
Holosystolic murmur heard best at the LLSB, Prominent A wave on JVP |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Endocarditis in an IV Drug user→ Staph |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the jones criteria: major manifestation |
|
Definition
carditis polyarthritis chrorea erythema marginatum subcutaneous nodules |
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|
Term
jones criteria Evidence for Grp A Infection |
|
Definition
(+) throat culture or rapid strep test Recent scarlet fever ↑ or rising strep Ab titer (ASO, ADB, AH |
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Term
|
Definition
cyanotic malformation, most common cyanotic congenital heart malformation diagnosed after 1 year of age |
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Term
most common cyanotic congenital heart malformation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
o Infective Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves) |
|
Definition
Streptococci- viridans group, Staphylococci, Enterococci |
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Term
|
Definition
Endocarditis painful sq nodules on pads of fingers & toes |
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Term
|
Definition
Endocarditis
small, painless hemorrhage macular papules on palms or soles due to septic emboli |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endocarditis
oval-shaped retinal hemorrhage w/pale center near optic disc |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Above the ankle on the lower leg |
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|
Term
• Acute Arterial Ischemia • 6 P’s |
|
Definition
Poikilothermia, Pallor, Pulseless, Parasthesia, Pain, Paralysis |
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Term
pain out of proportion to physical exam |
|
Definition
• Acute Mesenteric Ischemia |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
o Prinzmetal (atypical) angina |
|
Definition
pain is due to the vasospasm, it is not related to exercise (it typically will happen at rest or at anytime) – Randomly occurs at rest |
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|
Term
triglycerides in atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
present but are not in themselves, an independent risk factor |
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Term
|
Definition
with accumulation of pericardial fluid: • Muffled heart tones/ distended neck veins/hypotension |
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Term
o Four muscles that form a common tendon…the ROTATOR CUFF |
|
Definition
• SUBSCAPULARIS • INFRASPINATUS • TERES MINOR • SUPRASPINATUS |
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Term
|
Definition
- Hypochromic, microcytic red cells |
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Term
|
Definition
Folic acid given alone will reverse hematologic abnormality but will MASK vitamin b 12 deficiency leading to severe neurological dysfunction and disease |
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Term
will MASK vitamin b 12 deficiency leading to severe neurological dysfunction and disease |
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Definition
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|
Term
o Hallmark of Hemophilia- |
|
Definition
recurrent inadequately managed hemarthosis leads to deformity and chronic pain |
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Term
deficiency of factor VIII |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
should be included as a component of antenatal therapy whenever possible |
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Definition
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|
Term
- spherical purple bodies within cells (seen Most Commonly in Hyposplenism) |
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Definition
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Term
• Group of diseases caused by a deficit in enzymes involved in porphyrin metabolism |
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Definition
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|
Term
• Inherited defects in heme biosynthesis that result in excess production of prophyrin precursors |
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Definition
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|
Term
• Normocytic, hypochromic RBCs |
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Definition
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|
Term
• Basophilic stipling, siberoblast |
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Definition
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|
Term
• Crosses placenta & has teratogenic effects- DO NOT USE IN PREGNACY→ Give Heparin instead! |
|
Definition
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|
Term
• Purple toes syndrome: painful, bluish toes due to cholesterol emboli from plaques |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
o GI Hypersecretory condition |
|
Definition
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stomach Duodenum Gallbladder Liver Pancreas |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
biliary colic gastroentereitits |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
duodenal ulcer pancreatitis obstruction perforation |
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|
Term
May occur anywhere in the GI tract |
|
Definition
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|
Term
• Transmural with Skip lesions (alternating areas of inflammation with unaffected areas) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Small bowel strictures & obstructions (SBO) • Fistulas, abcesses and perforation • Nutritional deficiencies- vitamin B12, fat-soluble vitamins, zinc, folate and iron (also w/UC) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
columnar epithelium replaces normal squamous epithelium in distal esophagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
“Bird Beak” on XR (failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter to relax) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inflammation of bile ducts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inflammation of gallbladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
gallstones in gallbladder or cystic duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
gallstones in common bile duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
o Cholangitis- Charcot’s Triad |
|
Definition
• Jaundice, Fever, RUQ Pain |
|
|
Term
abd pain (epigastric, radiates towards back, constant NOT colicky), N/V, Jaundice, Steatorrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Most common drug that causes acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
enzyme more specific for the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
o Pancreatitis- RANDON’S Criteria |
|
Definition
• At admission “GA LAW”: Glucose, Age, LDH, AST, WBC • At 48 “C Hobbs”: Calcium, Hematocrit, O2, BUN, Base deficit, Sequestration |
|
|
Term
• At admission “GA LAW”: pancreatitis |
|
Definition
Glucose, Age, LDH, AST, WBC |
|
|
Term
• At 48 “C Hobbs”: pancreatitis |
|
Definition
Calcium, Hematocrit, O2, BUN, Base deficit, Sequestration |
|
|
Term
Large area of bruising to the flanks |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Large area of bruising to the umbilical area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The presence of Jaundice and a PAINLESSLY distended gallbladder is a strong indicator of pancreatic cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Major protinuria (>3.5g/day), edema, hyperlipidemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more inflammation • Acute brown hematuria, decreased GFR • Due to renal inflammation and leads to ARF |
|
|
Term
1. What nerve innervates Levator Palpebrae Muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. What nerve innervates Orbicularis Oculi Muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the flow of tears? |
|
Definition
Puncta--- Canaliculi--- Lacrimal Sac--- Nasolacimal Duct |
|
|
Term
4. What is the Nerve Innervation for all eye muscles |
|
Definition
Superior rectus (CN 3)- up and out, Inferior rectus (CN 3)- down and out, Medial rectus (CN 3)- in, Lateral rectus (CN 6)- out, Superior Oblique (CN 4)- down and in, Inferior Oblique (CN 3)- up and in |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
normal for the Physiologic Cup |
|
Definition
Center of optic disc- 30% of disc diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
? Optic nerve is damaged, Affected eye has no consensual reaction, Affected eye dilates instead of constricting with direct reaction, Good eye constricts & dilates normally with direct and consensual reactions |
|
|
Term
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy (CN3 |
|
Definition
a. Complete ptosis b. Dilated, unreactive pupil c. Impaired EOMs |
|
|
Term
What is Horner’s Syndrome? |
|
Definition
a. Paralysis of sympathetic nerves b. Unilateral ptosis c. Ipsilateral pupil constriction d. No Sweating |
|
|
Term
(Miosis, ptosis, Anhydrosis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One dilated pupil, No reaction to light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Affected eye has no consensual reaction, Affected eye dilates instead of constricting with direct reaction, Good eye constricts & dilates normally with direct and consensual reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Small, irregular pupils, Do not react to light, React to accommodation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complication of Syphilis--- Seen in Prostitutes with Syphilis |
|
Definition
Agryll Robertson Pupil (they will accommodate but no react) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
)? Lump within eyelid follicle, PAINFUL, Obstruction of glands of Zeiss/ Moll |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lump on eyelid (outside), PAINLESS, Obstruction of Meibomian glands (oil gland) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PUS in the anterior chamber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BLOOD in the anterior chamber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greenish-yellow ring near limbus, Disorder of copper metabolism |
|
|
Term
Greenish-yellow ring near limbus, Disorder of copper metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cherry red spot in macula |
|
Definition
= Central Retinal Artery Occlusion |
|
|
Term
• Fusion of cervical vertebrae and SI joint, male 20-40 yrs, Achilles tenosynovitis, uveitis |
|
Definition
o Ankylosing Spondylitis → Do HLA-B27 Labs |
|
|
Term
• Osteochondrosis affecting the proximal femoral epiphysis • Can turn into avascular necrosis of the femoral head • When avascular necrosis occurs, the head of the femur can collapse |
|
Definition
Legg Calf Perthes- “osteochondritis desicans of the hip” |
|
|
Term
• X-ray will show loss of structural integrity of the femoral head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Seen often in obese male teenagers |
|
Definition
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis |
|
|
Term
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) |
|
Definition
• MC in the left hip, females, first born, and babies born in the breech position |
|
|
Term
attemps to relocate a developmentally dislocated hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
attemps to see if the hip will dislocate, then relocate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positioning device for newborns with DDH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Pain at bony prominences – lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, base of 5th metatarsal, navicular • Inability to bear weight • Pain at midfoot zone requires foot xray |
|
|
Term
excessive bleeding at time of menses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
uterine bleeding of normal amount at irregular, non-cyclic intervals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Decrease by food: must be taken at least 30 minutes before breakfast with 8 oz. of plain water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• PO: limited to treatment of C. difficile after metronidazole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
o Cross-allergenicity may occur with other B-lactam antibiotics (Esp. Cephalosporins) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
incidence of maculopapular rash is almost 100% in mononucleosis its treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
: Connective tissue problems: avoid in pregnancy & lactation and in pediatrics (under 18 years of age) due to cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
o May cause tendon rupture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cough
• Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, Persistent dry cough, Avoid in pregnancy (teratogenic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ototoxicity and Hyperuricemia (Gout) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arrhythmias/Heart Blocks and Visual disturbances (alteration of color perception & halos) |
|
|
Term
BP meds Contraindicated in Pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
New-onset or worsening HTN after 20 wks gestation associated with albuminuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
New-onset or worsening HTN after 20 wks gestation associated with albuminuria + seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• M- Monitor • O- Oxygen • V- Ventilation • E- EKG (12 lead) • I-IV lines more that 3 • T- Thrombolytics (if you can) • M- Morphine, Metoprolol • A-ASA, ACEi • N- Nitro |
|
|
Term
• Anxiety: First line treatment |
|
Definition
SSRIs
• Buproprion (Wellbutrin)→ has fewer sexual SE, BUT do not use in patients with Seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Three C’s” of Tricyclic Toxicity |
|
Definition
Coma, Convulsions, Cardiotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NARROW therapeutic index, can lead to fatal arrhythmias in overdose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
adheres to outer surface of lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lines the thoracic walls & thoracic surface of diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• Angle betw nail plate & proximal nail fold increases to > 180º |
|
Definition
clubbing
usually due to chronic hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
• Frothy, white/pink sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nodular infiltrate, diffuse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lobar or bronchopneumonic infiltrate & consolidation, air bronchogram, pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
Apical infiltrate, parenchymal calcification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lobar or bronchopneumonic infiltrate & consolidation, air bronchogram, pleural effusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fibrosis, calcifications, satellite densities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Overexpanded lungs, low flat diaphragms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs in GI organs, progressive |
|
|
Term
• Bronchospasms, sudden ↓ in BP, Edema, ascites, cyanotic skin flushing |
|
Definition
• Carcinoid Syndrome- Occurs in GI organs, progressive |
|
|
Term
Systemic vasculitis in skin, lungs, kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Fever, cough,chills, hypoxia, anorexia, Hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, ↑ IgE & ESR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
o Bacterial Meningitis most common pathogen |
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Definition
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Term
. Non-tetanus prone wound |
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Definition
booster of more than 10 years since last immunization |
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Term
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Definition
booster of more than 5 years since last immunization |
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Term
3. Tetanus prone wound with no history of immunization |
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Definition
requires tetanus toxoid (Td) (active immunity) and tetanus immune globulin (T16) (passive immunity) |
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Term
– 3 doses of tetanus toxoid required |
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Definition
• 1. at wound closure • 2. 4 – 8 weeks later • 3. 6 – 12 weeks after second doses |
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Term
o Giant Cell Arthritis (aka: Temporal Arteritis) |
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Definition
• Systemic granulomatous vasculitis of med and large sized arteries, most notable temporal artery and other branches of carotid artery • Characterized by unilateral HA, exquisite tenderness in the scalp, fever, high ESR • Affected artery becomes a hard, pulsating, tender, tortuous bulge under red or cyanotic skin • Gangrene of the scalp may occur |
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Term
• Characterized by cutaneous and mucosal erythema and edema w/subsequent desquamation, cervical lymphadenopathy and complicated by coronary artery aneurysms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
conjunctivitis; rash; aneurysms/adenopathy, strawberry tongue, hands-induration/erythema/desquamation
KAWASAKI |
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Term
looking for “giant multinucleated cells” |
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Definition
• Tzanck Smear- of herpes simplex |
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Term
a “spaghetti and meatball” configuration |
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Definition
o Tinea versicolor pseudohyphae and spores |
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Term
Classic description is a pearly plaque with rolled borders and superficial telangiectasias. |
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Definition
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Term
• Presents as a bleeding or scabbing sore that won't heal |
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Definition
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Term
: Melanoma of the palms, soles, distal phalanges, and mucous membranes |
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Definition
o Acral Lentiginous Melanoma |
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Term
Sudden appearance of pigmented band on proximal nail fold. |
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Definition
• Hutchinson's Sign
o Acral Lentiginous Melanoma |
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