FUNCTION : HOLD ADJACENT CELLS TOGETHER AND ALLOWS TISSUES TO BE MORE FLEXIBLE

LOCATION :

SKIN , OPENING OF UTERUS

• DIGESTIVE STRACT
• URINARY SYSTEM
• REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

• Body cavities and surfaces of organs are covered with membranes
•  Membranes are sheets of epithelium supported by connective tissues
•  Membranes protect tissues and organs

•  line passages to the exterior world, including those of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems in the body.
•  Secrete mucus

• line thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and the organs contained in them.
• Secrete lubricating fluid

•  – line cavities of freely movable joints
•  Secrete a lubricating fluid

 Epithelium :lines the stomach and secretes acid to digest the food.

 Nerve tissue : stimulates cells to release the acid.

 Muscles : contract to push food through the stomach.

 Connective tissue :supports these other tissues

•  The body uses the nervous system and the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
•  Controlled by negative or positive feedback

such as a part of the brain, integrates the information coming from all receptors and sends out an appropriate response

carries out the response returning the system to homeostasis again

 Hormones – A substance released into the blood, carries a message to other parts of the body

 When hormones are released from one part of the body they cause another part of the body to react

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK EX:

 Example: calcium regulation.

 Calcium is stored in the bones and circulates in

the blood stream.

 Cells in the bones, osteoclasts release calcium from bone

 Stimulus: when calcium levels drop too low in the blood stream.

 Sensor: Parathyroid glands

 Control center: the parathyroid gland releases

parathyroid hormone

 Effectors: Osteoclast cells in bone release calcium, Kidneys reabsorb more Ca++

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTINUE NEXT:

 Stimulus: when calcium levels increase too high in the blood stream.

 Sensor: Parathyroid glands

 Control center: the parathyroid gland stops

releases parathyroid hormone

 Effectors: Osteoclast cells in bone stop releasing calcium, Kidneys reabsorb less Ca++

   Stimulus: When the baby leaves the uterus, the muscles in the cervix stretch.

Nerves in the cervix send a message to the hypothalamus gland

 Sensor: strech receptors in the cervix

 Control Center: Hypothalamus gland causes

the pituitary gland to release oxytocin

 Effector : muscles of uterus contrac

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM COMPONENTS:

 Skin

Nails

Hair

exocrine glands (sweat and oil glands)

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM FUNCTION:

1. Provides protection from bacteria, UV radiation, chemicals, physical injury

2. Reduce water loss

3. Temperature regulation

4. Vitamin D production

5. Contains sensors that detect pain, temperature, and pressure.

 Epidermis consists of several layers of squamous epithelial cells (stratified)

Deepest layer contains rapidly dividing cells

Outer surface is made up of dead skin cells Protective properties come from keratin 

Melanocytes produce melanin

•  The dermis consists primarily of connective tissue
•  Also contains vascular tissue, hair follicles, sweat glands, nerves, sensory receptors
•  Collagen and elastic fibers are found in the lower layer

secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.