Term
Where are blood cells made? |
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Definition
The hemopoietic tissue of the medullary cavity in the bone marrow |
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Term
What is the formation of RBC's called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the formation of granulocytes called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the formation of monocytes called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the production of lymphocytes called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the production of platelets called? |
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Definition
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Term
In what circumstances do we examine bone marrow? |
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Definition
-If there is an unexpected increase or decrease in cells -If we see abnormal cells in the peripheral blood |
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Term
What do we consider to be "abnormal cells"? |
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Definition
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Term
Should we use anesthesia when collecting a bone marrow sample? |
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Definition
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Term
Must we use aseptic technique when collecting bone marrow? |
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Definition
Yes, must clip and scrub collection site |
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Term
What are the most common bone marrow collection sites? |
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Definition
-Iliac crest, Trachanteric fossa, Proximal humerus (small animals) -Posterior rib or iliac crest (large animals |
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Term
What are the names of the special needles used to collect bone marrow? |
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Definition
Osgood, Rosenthal, and Jamshidi |
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Term
What are 2 ways you can handle a bone marrow sample? |
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Definition
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Term
What do we do if we want to send a core sample out to a different lab? |
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Definition
Put sample in 10% formalin |
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Term
What do we want to avoid when obtaining a bone marrow sample? |
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Definition
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Term
Where are blood cells made? |
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Definition
The hemopoietic tissue of the medullary cavity in the bone marrow |
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Term
What is the formation of RBC's called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the formation of granulocytes called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the formation of monocytes called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the production of lymphocytes called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the production of platelets called? |
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Definition
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Term
In what circumstances do we examine bone marrow? |
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Definition
-If there is an unexpected increase or decrease in cells -If we see abnormal cells in the peripheral blood |
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Term
What do we consider to be "abnormal cells"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Should we use anesthesia when collecting a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Must we use aseptic technique when collecting bone marrow? |
|
Definition
Yes, must clip and scrub collection site |
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|
Term
What are the most common bone marrow collection sites? |
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Definition
-Iliac crest, Trachanteric fossa, Proximal humerus (small animals) -Posterior rib or iliac crest (large animals |
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Term
What are the names of the special needles used to collect bone marrow? |
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Definition
Osgood, Rosenthal, and Jamshidi |
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Term
What are 2 ways you can handle a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do we do if we want to send a core sample out to a different lab? |
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Definition
Put sample in 10% formalin |
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Term
What do we want to avoid when obtaining a bone marrow sample? |
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Definition
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Term
What magnification do we Evaluate bone marrow cells on? |
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Definition
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Term
How many immature cells must we identify/classify to do an M:E ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
What are some characteristics of normal bone marrow? |
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Definition
-Normal appearance of cells (size, N:C ratio, staining, etc -M:E ratio within normal limits -Mature cells outnumber the immature cells |
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Term
What does it mean if megakaryocytes are present? |
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Definition
The bone marrow is making platelets |
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Term
What is the order of the red cell series? |
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Definition
Rubriblast-Prorubricyte-Rubricyte-Metarubricyte-Mature RBC |
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Term
What are some general characteristics of the red cell series? |
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Definition
-Round cells -Round nucleus -High N:C ratio (narrow rim of blue cytoplasm -get smaller as they mature |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a rubriblast? |
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Definition
-Large 20-30 microns -narrow rim f bright blue cyto -Round nucleus -1-2 nucleoli present (must be present to be a rubriblast ) |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a prorubricyte? |
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Definition
-Similar to rubriblast but NO nucleolus present (may see remnants though) -Lacey chromatin -Perinuclear Clear Zone |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a rubricyte? |
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Definition
-Smaller cell --Round nucleus -Clumpy, coarse chromatin -several types and sizes can be seen |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a metarubricyte? |
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Definition
-Even Smaller cell -Cyto blue to pinkish -Nucleus small and dark (sometimes eccentric) -may see in peripheral blood |
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Term
What are some differences between RBCs and WBCs? |
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Definition
-RBCs tend to be round -RBCs have round nuclei -RBCs have basophilic cyto |
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Term
What is the order of the granulocyte (myeloid) series? |
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Definition
Myeloblast-Progranulocyte (promyelocyte)-Myelocyte-Metamyelocyte-Band-Seg |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a myeloblast? |
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Definition
-Large 20-30 microns -Lots of pale blue cyto -Round/oval nucleus -1-3 nucleoli |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a Progranulocyte? |
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Definition
-often LARGER than a blast -no nucleoli -perinuclear clear zone present -Small, pinkish cytoplasmic granules (not Always present) |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a myelocyte? |
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Definition
-Smaller cell -Larger, distinct cytoplasmic granules -nucleus is round to oval |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a metamyelocyte? |
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Definition
-Indented, Kidney shaped nucleus -Can have granules in cytoplasm -note if granules are eosinophilic |
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Term
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Definition
The maturation of a metamyelocyte. Nucleus has parallel sides, and they are numerous in the blood marrow. |
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Term
The bone marrow is a minor production site for what cell? |
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Definition
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Term
What cells are in the thrombocyte series? |
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Definition
-Megakaryoblasts -Promegakaryocytes -Megakaryocytes (one of the largest cells seen) |
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Term
What is a megakaryoblast? |
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Definition
The earliest identifiable cell in the thrombocyte series. Appears as a multinuclear mass, with a small amount of cytoplasm |
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Term
What is the only difference between a megakaryoblast and a promegakaryocyte? |
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Definition
Promegakaryocytes have more cytoplasm |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a megakaryocyte? |
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Definition
-VERY large cell. 100-200 microns -Multinuclear mass with large amount of cytoplasm |
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Term
What are the characteristics of an osteoclast? |
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Definition
-Very large cell -Separate, multiple nuclei -can be confused with neoplastic cells or megakaryocytes. |
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Term
What is the largest cell in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
When will you see osteoclasts? |
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Definition
If there is an increase in bone activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What are the characteristics of an osteoblast? |
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Definition
-Large cell -Oval, eccentric nucleus -Can see nucleoli -Large amount of cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
When do you see osteoblasts? |
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Definition
When there in an increase in bone activity |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a plasma cell? |
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Definition
-Round cell with round nucleus (eccentric with clumpy chromatin) -perinuclear clear zone -large amount of basophilic cytoplasm |
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Term
Where are plasma cells made? |
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Definition
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Term
What do plasma cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
How do you do an M:E ratio? |
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Definition
Add # of white cells Add # of red cells divide whites by reds |
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Term
What is considered WNL for M:E ratios? |
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Definition
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Term
What would an elevated M:E ratio be due to? |
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Definition
Increased WBCs, or decreased RBCs |
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Term
What would you expect to see with myeloid hyperplasia? (increased WBCs) |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to see with erythroid hypoplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
What would a decreased M:E ratio be due to? |
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Definition
Decrease in WBCs or increase inRBCs |
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Term
What would you expect to see with myeloid hypoplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
What would you expect to see with erythroid hyperplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
What is it called when there are no rbcs or wbcs? |
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Definition
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Term
If you see an increase in of abnormal cells (like lymphocytes) what could you have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Immunosuppressive drugs and viruses most commonly. (FeLv common) |
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Term
What is a myeloproliferative disorder? |
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Definition
When cell production is out of control. or when there are more immature cells than mature ones |
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Term
What is multiple myeloma? |
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Definition
Neoplasia of plasma cells |
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Term
What are characteristics of multiple myeloma |
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Definition
See lots of plasma cells in the bone marrow, and lucent lesions on rads |
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