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Bone Marrow
Porter quiz 2
76
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
09/16/2013

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Term
Where are blood cells made?
Definition
The hemopoietic tissue of the medullary cavity in the bone marrow
Term
What is the formation of RBC's called?
Definition
Erythropoiesis
Term
What is the formation of granulocytes called?
Definition
Granulopoiesis
Term
What is the formation of monocytes called?
Definition
Monocytopoiesis
Term
What is the production of lymphocytes called?
Definition
Lymphopoiesis
Term
What is the production of platelets called?
Definition
Thrombocytopoiesis
Term
In what circumstances do we examine bone marrow?
Definition
-If there is an unexpected increase or decrease in cells
-If we see abnormal cells in the peripheral blood
Term
What do we consider to be "abnormal cells"?
Definition
Large, mononuclear cells
Term
Should we use anesthesia when collecting a bone marrow sample?
Definition
Yes. Local or general
Term
Must we use aseptic technique when collecting bone marrow?
Definition
Yes, must clip and scrub collection site
Term
What are the most common bone marrow collection sites?
Definition
-Iliac crest, Trachanteric fossa, Proximal humerus (small animals)
-Posterior rib or iliac crest (large animals
Term
What are the names of the special needles used to collect bone marrow?
Definition
Osgood, Rosenthal, and Jamshidi
Term
What are 2 ways you can handle a bone marrow sample?
Definition
Core sample or aspirate
Term
What do we do if we want to send a core sample out to a different lab?
Definition
Put sample in 10% formalin
Term
What do we want to avoid when obtaining a bone marrow sample?
Definition
Rupturing the sinisoids
Term
Where are blood cells made?
Definition
The hemopoietic tissue of the medullary cavity in the bone marrow
Term
What is the formation of RBC's called?
Definition
Erythropoiesis
Term
What is the formation of granulocytes called?
Definition
Granulopoiesis
Term
What is the formation of monocytes called?
Definition
Monocytopoiesis
Term
What is the production of lymphocytes called?
Definition
Lymphopoiesis
Term
What is the production of platelets called?
Definition
Thrombocytopoiesis
Term
In what circumstances do we examine bone marrow?
Definition
-If there is an unexpected increase or decrease in cells
-If we see abnormal cells in the peripheral blood
Term
What do we consider to be "abnormal cells"?
Definition
Large, mononuclear cells
Term
Should we use anesthesia when collecting a bone marrow sample?
Definition
Yes. Local or general
Term
Must we use aseptic technique when collecting bone marrow?
Definition
Yes, must clip and scrub collection site
Term
What are the most common bone marrow collection sites?
Definition
-Iliac crest, Trachanteric fossa, Proximal humerus (small animals)
-Posterior rib or iliac crest (large animals
Term
What are the names of the special needles used to collect bone marrow?
Definition
Osgood, Rosenthal, and Jamshidi
Term
What are 2 ways you can handle a bone marrow sample?
Definition
Core sample or aspirate
Term
What do we do if we want to send a core sample out to a different lab?
Definition
Put sample in 10% formalin
Term
What do we want to avoid when obtaining a bone marrow sample?
Definition
Rupturing the sinisoids
Term
What magnification do we Evaluate bone marrow cells on?
Definition
Under oil (1000x)
Term
How many immature cells must we identify/classify to do an M:E ratio?
Definition
500
Term
What are some characteristics of normal bone marrow?
Definition
-Normal appearance of cells (size, N:C ratio, staining, etc
-M:E ratio within normal limits
-Mature cells outnumber the immature cells
Term
What does it mean if megakaryocytes are present?
Definition
The bone marrow is making platelets
Term
What is the order of the red cell series?
Definition
Rubriblast-Prorubricyte-Rubricyte-Metarubricyte-Mature RBC
Term
What are some general characteristics of the red cell series?
Definition
-Round cells
-Round nucleus
-High N:C ratio (narrow rim of blue cytoplasm
-get smaller as they mature
Term
What are the characteristics of a rubriblast?
Definition
-Large 20-30 microns
-narrow rim f bright blue cyto
-Round nucleus
-1-2 nucleoli present (must be present to be a rubriblast )
Term
What are the characteristics of a prorubricyte?
Definition
-Similar to rubriblast but NO nucleolus present (may see remnants though)
-Lacey chromatin
-Perinuclear Clear Zone
Term
What are the characteristics of a rubricyte?
Definition
-Smaller cell
--Round nucleus
-Clumpy, coarse chromatin
-several types and sizes can be seen
Term
What are the characteristics of a metarubricyte?
Definition
-Even Smaller cell
-Cyto blue to pinkish
-Nucleus small and dark (sometimes eccentric)
-may see in peripheral blood
Term
What are some differences between RBCs and WBCs?
Definition
-RBCs tend to be round
-RBCs have round nuclei
-RBCs have basophilic cyto
Term
What is the order of the granulocyte (myeloid) series?
Definition
Myeloblast-Progranulocyte (promyelocyte)-Myelocyte-Metamyelocyte-Band-Seg
Term
What are the characteristics of a myeloblast?
Definition
-Large 20-30 microns
-Lots of pale blue cyto
-Round/oval nucleus
-1-3 nucleoli
Term
What are the characteristics of a Progranulocyte?
Definition
-often LARGER than a blast
-no nucleoli
-perinuclear clear zone present
-Small, pinkish cytoplasmic granules (not Always present)
Term
What are the characteristics of a myelocyte?
Definition
-Smaller cell
-Larger, distinct cytoplasmic granules
-nucleus is round to oval
Term
What are the characteristics of a metamyelocyte?
Definition
-Indented, Kidney shaped nucleus
-Can have granules in cytoplasm
-note if granules are eosinophilic
Term
What is a band?
Definition
The maturation of a metamyelocyte.
Nucleus has parallel sides, and they are numerous in the blood marrow.
Term
The bone marrow is a minor production site for what cell?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
What cells are in the thrombocyte series?
Definition
-Megakaryoblasts
-Promegakaryocytes
-Megakaryocytes (one of the largest cells seen)
Term
What is a megakaryoblast?
Definition
The earliest identifiable cell in the thrombocyte series. Appears as a multinuclear mass, with a small amount of cytoplasm
Term
What is the only difference between a megakaryoblast and a promegakaryocyte?
Definition
Promegakaryocytes have more cytoplasm
Term
What are the characteristics of a megakaryocyte?
Definition
-VERY large cell. 100-200 microns
-Multinuclear mass with large amount of cytoplasm
Term
What are the characteristics of an osteoclast?
Definition
-Very large cell
-Separate, multiple nuclei
-can be confused with neoplastic cells or megakaryocytes.
Term
What is the largest cell in the body?
Definition
Osteoblast
Term
When will you see osteoclasts?
Definition
If there is an increase in bone activity
Term
What do osteoclasts do?
Definition
Break down bone
Term
What are the characteristics of an osteoblast?
Definition
-Large cell
-Oval, eccentric nucleus
-Can see nucleoli
-Large amount of cytoplasm
Term
What do osteoblasts do?
Definition
Make bone
Term
When do you see osteoblasts?
Definition
When there in an increase in bone activity
Term
What are the characteristics of a plasma cell?
Definition
-Round cell with round nucleus (eccentric with clumpy chromatin)
-perinuclear clear zone
-large amount of basophilic cytoplasm
Term
Where are plasma cells made?
Definition
the lymphnodes
Term
What do plasma cells produce?
Definition
Antibodies
Term
How do you do an M:E ratio?
Definition
Add # of white cells
Add # of red cells
divide whites by reds
Term
What is considered WNL for M:E ratios?
Definition
1-3:1
Term
What would an elevated M:E ratio be due to?
Definition
Increased WBCs, or decreased RBCs
Term
What would you expect to see with myeloid hyperplasia? (increased WBCs)
Definition
leukocytosis
Term
What would you expect to see with erythroid hypoplasia?
Definition
Anemia
Term
What would a decreased M:E ratio be due to?
Definition
Decrease in WBCs or increase inRBCs
Term
What would you expect to see with myeloid hypoplasia?
Definition
leukopenia/neutropenia
Term
What would you expect to see with erythroid hyperplasia?
Definition
Responsive anemia
Term
What is it called when there are no rbcs or wbcs?
Definition
aplasia
Term
If you see an increase in of abnormal cells (like lymphocytes) what could you have?
Definition
Lymphosarcoma
Term
What is aplasia due to?
Definition
Immunosuppressive drugs and viruses most commonly. (FeLv common)
Term
What is a myeloproliferative disorder?
Definition
When cell production is out of control.
or when there are more immature cells than mature ones
Term
What is multiple myeloma?
Definition
Neoplasia of plasma cells
Term
What are characteristics of multiple myeloma
Definition
See lots of plasma cells in the bone marrow, and lucent lesions on rads
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