Term
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Definition
| They study of plants, and plat like organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Composed of cells (generally complex and multicellular)
Autotrophic (make their own food by photosynthesis)
Rigid cellulose cell walls
Non-motile (stationary)
Have open or indeterminate growth (plants grow indefinitely)
Many plants can reproduce sexually and asexually |
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Term
| The 4 main organs of flowering plants |
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Definition
Roots
Leaves
Stems
Reproductive Organs |
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Term
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Definition
Anchorage
Storage (large amounts of energy reserves)
Absorption (water and minerals from the soil)
Conduction (transport water and nutrients to and from the shoot) |
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Definition
Support (leaves, flowers and fruits)
Storage (large amounts of water and starch)
Conduction (transport water and minerals between roots and leaves) |
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Term
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Definition
Photosynthesis (conversion of light energy to chemical energy)
Transpiration (evaporation of water from leaves and stems, mostly through stomata)
Some Conduction (Biotic and abiotic materials move through all parts of the plant) |
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Term
| Main Functions of Reproductive Structures |
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Definition
Attract Pollinators
Provide the site for fertilization (sexual production occurs in flower parts)
Provide site for seed development
Not all plants have flowers or seeds (other methods of reproduction) |
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Term
| Steps of Scientific Method |
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Definition
1) Observations of phenomenon
2) Asking questions regarding observations
3) Hypothesis: a reasonable and educated explanation for your observation, must be falsifiable
4) Predicting what will happen if hypothesis is true & contributing factors to the phenomenon are changed
5) Developing and conducting an experiment (testing hypothesis)
6) Analyzing and interpreting your data (supporting or rejecting hypothesis) |
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| What makes a good Scientific study? |
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Definition
Idea/ question must be questionable
Experiment must have adequate controls
Experiment/results must be verifiable by others
Experiment must be repeatable |
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Term
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Definition
Contain organelles, discrete internal structure that have specific functions
Provide a division of labor that promotes efficiency and productivity |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi bodies (Dictyosomes)
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Mitochondrai |
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Term
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Definition
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Protoplast |
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Term
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Definition
Contains genetic material which determines the cell's structure and function
Surrounded by a double membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
Assembled from cellulose and other polymers
Surround and shape the cell, considered extracellular
Not dissolvable by water or many solvents |
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Term
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Definition
Also known as Plasma membrane
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Selectively permeable membrane
Proteins |
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
Extensive network of sheetlike membranes in the cytosol
Involved in communication within the cell
Rough ER (densely coated with ribosomes)
Smooth ER (few to no ribosomes)
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Recycling reservoir for some substances and waste storage area for others
Helps regulate water content of cells (water filled vacuoles create turgor pressure)
Usually occupies most of the volume of mature cells |
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Term
| Dictyosomes (Golgi bodies) |
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Definition
Stacks of flattened, membranous vesicles
Functions in secretion
The postal service of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
The site of photosynthesis
Contains the green, photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll
Surrounded by double membrane |
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Term
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Definition
"Powerhouse of the cell"
The site of cellular respiration
Surrounded by double membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Group of organisms that lack a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Group of organisms that have true nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles
Plants, animals, fungi |
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Term
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Definition
The repeating processes of cellular growth & division, including mitosis.
The complete cell cycle occurs only in cells that divide
Majority of plant cells do not complete the cycle as cells don't divide after they mature, they become specialized. |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of specialized tissue whose cells undergo cell division |
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Term
| 2 main stages of the cell cycle |
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Definition
Interphase: all the phases of cell growth
Mitotic Phase: all the phases of cell division |
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Term
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Definition
Growth and rapid biosynthesis
The cell enlarges, organelles multiply, enzymes and proteins synthesized
After division, most new plant cells become specialized and never leave the G1 phase |
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Term
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Definition
| Renamed the g0 phase for cells departed from the cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Growth and DNA replication
Exact copies of the cell's DNA are made |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth and preparation for mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
is the division of nuclei
2 genetically identical nuclei are produced |
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Term
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Definition
the division of the cytoplasm
2 genetically identical cells are produced |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes condense and become visible
Chromosome 2 chromatids that are identical; made during S phase
Attached at a centromere
The nuclear envelop/membrane disappears at the end of prophase |
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Term
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Definition
| The chromosomes align at the equator of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
Chromatids separate at their centromeres and move to opposite poles
Each chromatid will have its own centromere |
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Term
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Definition
A nuclear envelop forms around each of the 2 sets of identical chromosomes
Mitosis is complete
Chromosomes also decondense |
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Term
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Definition
Cell plate continues to grow forming the new cell wall
Cytoplasmic division is complete and 2 genetically identical offspring cells have been produced |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of cells that are similar in appearance, location, & function |
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Term
| 3 main types of Meristems |
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Definition
Apical: at tips of roots and shoots (produce primary growth)
Axillary: occur in axil of a leaf (can form branches, leaves, or flowers)
Lateral: Cylindrical & form in mature regions of roots and shoots (produce secondary growth, increasing girth or width of plant) |
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Term
Dermal Tissue
Functions of epidermis |
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Definition
Forms the epidermis (the outermost layer of cells that covers a plant)
Retention of water, protection against herbivores, control of gas exchange, absorption of water & minerals |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized structure in the epidermis, composed of a pair of guard cells & the pore between them
Allow CO2 to enter the leaf
Guard cells regulate the exchange of gases (C02, water vapor, O2) by opening & closing |
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Term
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Definition
They are the only epidermal cells with chloroplasts.
When stomata opens, in daylight, so CO2 can enter, chloroplasts make sugars (photosynthesis) and guard cells actively pump in K+ ions. |
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Term
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Definition
Constitutes most of the primary body of the plant
Storage, metabolism, & support |
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Term
| 3 kinds of cells composing Ground Tissue |
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Definition
1)Parenchyma: The most abundant & versatile cells
Involved in storage & metabolism (photosynthesis, respiration)
2)Collenchyma: Elongated with unevenly thick cell walls.
Supports the growing shoots
The cell's walls can stretch
3)Sclerenchyma: Rigid & produces thick non-stretchable cell walls (not dependent on turgor pressure)
Strengthen's non-growing, non-extending regions of plants |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized for long-distance transport of water, solutes & minerals
The veins of leaves are part of the vascular tissue |
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