Term
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Definition
| all of the tissues of the plant body other than the vascular tissues and the dermal tissues |
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Definition
| the tissue system that conducts materials throughout the plant body |
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Definition
| the tissue system that provides as outer covering for the plant body |
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Definition
| a plant cell that is relatively unspecialized, is thin walled, may contain chlorophyll, and is typically rather loosely packed |
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Definition
| a living plant cell with moderately but unevenly thickened primary walls |
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Definition
| a plant cell with extremely thick walls that provides strength and support to the plant body |
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Definition
| a complex vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant body |
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Definition
| a complex vascular system that conducts food (carbs) throughout the plant body |
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Definition
| the outer most tissue layer, usually one cell thick, that covers the primary plant body-that is, leaves and young stems and roots |
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Definition
| the outermost layer of cells covering a woody stem or root, the outer bark that replaces epidermis when it is destroyed during secondary growth |
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Definition
| an increase in a plant's length, which occurs at the tips of stems and roots due to the acivity of apical meristems |
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Definition
| an increase in a plant's girth due to the activity of lateral meristems (the vascular cambium and cork cambium) |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of cell division at the tip of a stem or root in a plant produces primary tissues |
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Definition
| a dormant embyronic shoot that eventually develops into an apical meristem |
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Definition
| an area of cell division on the side of a vascular plant; the two lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium) give rise to secondary tissues |
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Definition
| a root system consisting of one prominent main root with smaller lateral roots branching from it |
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Term
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Definition
| a root system consisting of several adventitious roots of approximately equal size that arise from the base of the stem |
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Definition
| a covering of cells over the root tip that protects the delicate meristematic tissue directly behind it |
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Term
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Definition
| an extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases the absorptive capacity of the root |
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Term
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Definition
| the innermost layer of the cortex of the root that prevents water and dissolved materials from entering the xylem by passing between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a band of waterproof material around the radial and transverse cells of the endodermis; ensures that water and minerals enter the xylem only by passing through the endodermal cells. |
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Definition
| a continuum consisting of the cytoplasm of many plant cells, connected from one cell to the next by plasmodesmata |
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Term
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Definition
| a continuum consisting of the interconnected porous plant cell walls, along which water moves freely |
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Term
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Definition
| a layer of cells just inside the endodermis of the root; gives rise to lateral roots |
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Term
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Definition
| an adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats; may facilitate gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized root, often found on bulbs or corms, that contracts and pulls the plant to a desirable depth in the soil |
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Definition
| a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root that helps the plant absorb essential minerals from the soil |
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Term
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Definition
| a small swelling on the root of a leguminous plant in which beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobium) live |
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Term
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Definition
| an undeveloped shoot that contains an embryonic meristem; may be terminal (at the tip of the stem or axillary (on the side) |
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Definition
| an area on a stem where one or more leaves is attached; stems have nodes, but roots do not |
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Definition
| the area on a stem between 2 successive nodes |
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Definition
| a lateral meristem that provides secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem |
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Term
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Definition
| a lateral meristem that produces cork cells and cork parenchyma; cork cambium ans the tissues it produces make up the outer bark of a woody plant |
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Definition
| the temporary or permanent clearance of large expanses of forests for agricultural or other uses |
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Term
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Definition
| a plant with a long, thin, often climbing stem |
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Definition
| a horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for food storage |
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Term
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Definition
| a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes; often forms buds that develope into separate plants |
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Definition
| the broad, flat part of a leaf |
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Definition
| the part of a leaf that attaches the blade to the stem |
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Definition
| a waxy covering over the epidermis of the aerial parts of a plant |
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Term
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Definition
| a small pore flanked by guard cells in the epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell in the epidermis of a stem or leaf; two guard cells form a pore, called a stoma, for gas exghange |
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Term
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Definition
| the photosynthetic tissue in the interior of a leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| a ring of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells surrounding the vascular bundle in a leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| the biological process that includes the capture of light energy and its transformation into chemical energy of organic molecules such as glucose which are manufactured from CO2 and H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference in concentration of protons on the two sides of a cell membrane; contains potential energy that can be used to form ATP or do work in the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of materials from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through special passageways in the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of water vapor from a plant's aerial parts |
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Term
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Definition
| all the alleles of all the genes in a freely interbreeding population |
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Term
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Definition
| the mathematical prediction that allele and genotype frequencies do no change from generation to generation in the absence of micro evolutionary processes |
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Term
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Definition
| small-scale evolutionary changes caused by changes in allele or genotype frequencies in a population over a few generations |
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Term
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Definition
| a random change in allele frequencies in a small breeding population |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of alleles between local population due to migration and subsequent interbreeding |
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Term
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Definition
| the mechanism of evolution in which individuals with inherited characteristics well suited to the environment leave more offspring than individuals that are less suited to the environment do |
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Term
| biological species concept |
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Definition
| the concept that a species consists of one or more populations whose numbers can interbreed to produce fertile offspring and can't interbreed with individuals of other species |
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Term
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Definition
| the situation in which reproductive barriers prevent members of a species from successfully interbreeding with memebers of another species |
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Definition
| the offspring of individuals belonging to different species |
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Definition
| evolution of new species that occurs when one population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species |
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Term
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Definition
| evolution of a new species that occurs within the parent species' geographic region |
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Term
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Definition
| the situation in which an interspecific hybrid contains two or more sets of chromosomes from each of the parent species |
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Term
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Definition
| the evolution of many related species from an ancestral species |
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Term
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Definition
| the death of every member of a species |
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Term
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Definition
| the extinction of many species during a relatively short period of geological time |
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Definition
| the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their natural (evolutionary) relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the evolutionary history of a species or other taxonomic group |
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Term
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Definition
| said of a group consisting of organisms that involved from a common ancestor |
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Definition
| classification of organisms based on recency of common ancestry rather than degree of strucural similarity |
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Definition
| a diagram that illustrates evolutionary relationships based on the principles of cladistics |
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Definition
| the domain of metabolically diverse, unicellular, prokaryotic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the domain of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms adapted to extreme conditions, such as very hot or very salty environments |
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Term
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Definition
| what plants do in response to stimuli; directional growth response |
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Term
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Definition
| directional growth of a plant caused by light |
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Term
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Definition
| plant growth in response to the direction of gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| plant growth in response to contact with a solid object |
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Term
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Definition
| a flower-promoting substance |
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Term
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Definition
| any response of a plant to the relative lengths of daylight and darkness; long-night plants and short-night plants |
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Term
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Definition
| the low-temperature requirement for flowering in some plant species |
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Term
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Definition
| changing on a daily basis |
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