C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Long thoracic nerve

Comes from C5 and C6 roots

Gives rise to Lateral and Posterior Cords

Comes from root C7

Gives rise to Posterior and Lateral Cords

Comes from Roots C8 and T1

Gives rise to Posterior and Medial Cords

From Upper and Middle Trunks

Gives rise to Musculocutaenous and Median Nerves

Comes from Upper, Middle, and Lower trunks

Gives rise to Axillary and Radial Nerves

Comes from Lower Trunk

Gives rise to Ulnar and Median nerves

Traction or tear of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5 and C6 roots); follows blow to shoulder or trauma during delivery

Limb hangs by side (paralysis of abductors)

posterior forearm medially rotated (paralysis of lateral rotators)

forearm is pronated (loss of biceps)

An embryologic or childbirth defect affecting the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)

Atrophy of the thenar and hypothenar eminences

Atrophy of the interosseous muscles

Sensory deficits on the medial side of the forearm and hand

Disappearance of the radial pulse upon moving the head toward the opposite side

Clawing of all digits

A cervical rib can compress subclavian artery and inferior trunk, compression of the neurovascular bundle between the anterior and middle scalenes

Pain in arm and hand is almost always present

Wrist drop

Saturday Night Palsy

Lesion of the radial nerve which innervates the Brachioradialis, Extensors of the wrist and fingers, Supinator, and Triceps

Radial nerve innervates BEST

Proximal lesion of Median nerve (C6-C8, T1) cause by fracture of supracondylar humerus

Cannot oppose thumb (inability to abduct thumb)

Loss of sensation on dorsal and palmer aspects of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers and thenar eminence

Distal Median nerve lesion (after branch containing C5-C7 branches off to feed forearm flexors), can be cause by Carpal tunnel syndrome

Lack of lateral finger flexion (2nd and 3rd digits) and wrist flexion

Dorsal and palmer aspects of lateral 3 1/2 fingers lose sensation

Distal Ulnar Nerve lesion (C8, T1)

Can be caused by falling onto outstretched hand (fracture of hook of hamate)

Loss of abduction and adduction of fingers (interossei)

Loss of adduction of thumb

Loss of extension of 4th and 5th fingers (clawed) (lumbricals) 

Axillary nerve lesion (C5, C6)

loss of arm abduction at shoulder, flattened deltoid

Lesion to Long Thoracic Nerve which innervates the serratus anterior muscle; accessory nerve and dorsal scapular nerve involvement is secondary which innervates trapezius and rhomboid

Leads to paralysis of the above muscles listed

Damaged with compression from crutch use

Causes weakness in what movement? why?

Axillary nerve

Shoulder abduction due to paralysis of the teres minor and deltoid muscles